महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-171, verse-45

दृष्ट्वा च विमुखान्योधान्धृष्टद्युम्नं च पीडितम् ।
शैनेयोऽचोदयत्तूर्णं रणं द्रौणिरथं प्रति ॥४५॥

45. dṛṣṭvā ca vimukhānyodhāndhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ ca pīḍitam ,
śaineyo'codayattūrṇaṁ raṇaṁ drauṇirathaṁ prati.

45. dṛṣṭvā ca vimukhān yodhān dhṛṣṭadyumnam ca pīḍitam
śaineyaḥ acodayat tūrṇam raṇam drauṇiratham prati

45. ca vimukhān yodhān ca dhṛṣṭadyumnam pīḍitam dṛṣṭvā
śaineyaḥ tūrṇam drauṇiratham prati raṇam acodayat

45. And seeing the warriors fleeing and Dhṛṣṭadyumna in distress, Śini's son (Sātyaki) swiftly commanded his troops to advance into battle towards Droṇa's son's (Aśvatthāmā's) chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• च (ca) - and, also

• विमुखान् (vimukhān) - averted their faces, turned away, fleeing

• योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• च (ca) - and, also

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, distressed, tormented, oppressed

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Sātyaki (son of Śini)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - urged, impelled, commanded

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• रणम् (raṇam) - into battle (battle, war, conflict)

• द्रौणिरथम् (drauṇiratham) - chariot of Droṇa's son

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (indeclinable past participle)

Absolutive form from root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विमुखान् (vimukhān) - averted their faces, turned away, fleeing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vimukha

vimukha - turned away, having the face averted, fleeing, hostile

Bahuvrīhi compound: vi (away) + mukha (face)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – away, apart, without
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with yodhān.

योधान् (yodhān) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Root: yudh (class 4)

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of the commander of the Pāṇḍava army, son of Drupada)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted, distressed, tormented, oppressed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, tormented, oppressed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root pīḍ

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with Dhṛṣṭadyumnam.

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Sātyaki (son of Śini)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - descendant of Śini, Sātyaki (another name for Yuyudhāna)

Patronymic from Śini

Note: Refers to Sātyaki.

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - urged, impelled, commanded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Causative, Imperfect Active 3rd Singular

Imperfect (laṅ-lakāra) 3rd person singular active of the causative of root cud.

Root: cud (class 1)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root tvar, used adverbially

Root: tvar (class 1)

रणम् (raṇam) - into battle (battle, war, conflict)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Used here with prati to mean 'towards battle'.

द्रौणिरथम् (drauṇiratham) - chariot of Droṇa's son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇiratha

drauṇiratha - Aśvatthāmā's chariot

Tatpuruṣa compound: Drauṇi (son of Droṇa) + Ratha (chariot)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (drauṇi+ratha)

• drauṇi – son of Droṇa, Aśvatthāmā
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Droṇa
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

प्रति (prati) - towards, against, in the direction of

(indeclinable)