महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-171, verse-15

तमब्रवीद्वासुदेवः किमिदं पाण्डुनन्दन ।
वार्यमाणोऽपि कौन्तेय यद्युद्धान्न निवर्तसे ॥१५॥

15. tamabravīdvāsudevaḥ kimidaṁ pāṇḍunandana ,
vāryamāṇo'pi kaunteya yadyuddhānna nivartase.

15. tam abravīt vāsudevaḥ kim idam pāṇḍunandana
vāryamāṇaḥ api kaunteya yat yuddhāt na nivartase

15. vāsudevaḥ tam abravīt,
"he pāṇḍunandana,
he kaunteya,
idam kim? yat vāryamāṇaḥ api yuddhāt na nivartase.
"

15. Vāsudeva (Krishna) said to him, "O son of Pāṇḍu, Kaunteya, what is this? Even though you are being restrained, you do not desist from battle!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna (Krishna (son of Vasudeva))

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• इदम् (idam) - this

• पाण्डुनन्दन (pāṇḍunandana) - O Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu (O son of Pāṇḍu)

• वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - being restrained, being hindered

• अपि (api) - even, also, although

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kunti, Arjuna)

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because, since, which

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from war

• न (na) - not, no

• निवर्तसे (nivartase) - you turn back, you desist, you return

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of abravīt. Refers to Kaunteya/Arjuna.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect, 3rd Person Singular

Root brū, class 2, Parasmaipada, imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Krishna (Krishna (son of Vasudeva))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

Patronymic from Vasudeva, referring to Krishna.

Note: Subject of abravīt.

किम् (kim) - what, why

(interrogative pronoun)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun.

पाण्डुनन्दन (pāṇḍunandana) - O Arjuna, son of Pāṇḍu (O son of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍunandana

pāṇḍunandana - son of Pāṇḍu

Compound word, vocative case.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – Pāṇḍu (name of king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, delighting
  noun (masculine)
  From root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

वार्यमाणः (vāryamāṇaḥ) - being restrained, being hindered

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāryamāṇa

vāryamāṇa - being restrained, being hindered, being prevented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, restrain) in the passive voice, present tense. The suffix -māna indicates a present participle in the middle/passive voice. Causative stem vāray-.

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'you'.

अपि (api) - even, also, although

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Arjuna (O son of Kunti, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Patronymic from Kuntī, referring to Arjuna. Vocative case.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because, since, which

(indeclinable)

Here functions as a causal conjunction 'that' or 'since'.

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from war

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (from yudh to fight), nominalized

Originally a past passive participle of root yudh (to fight), but commonly used as a neuter noun.

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निवर्तसे (nivartase) - you turn back, you desist, you return

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of nivṛt

Present Indicative, 2nd Person Singular

Root vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga ni (down, back). Class 1, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)