महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-171, verse-37

सारथिं चास्य विंशत्या स्वर्णपुङ्खैः शिलाशितैः ।
हयांश्च चतुरोऽविध्यच्चतुर्भिर्निशितैः शरैः ॥३७॥

37. sārathiṁ cāsya viṁśatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ ,
hayāṁśca caturo'vidhyaccaturbhirniśitaiḥ śaraiḥ.

37. sārathim ca asya viṃśatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ
| hayān ca caturaḥ avidhyat caturbhiḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ

37. (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) ca asya sārathim viṃśatyā svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilāśitaiḥ (śaraiḥ) avidhyat,
ca caturaḥ hayān caturbhiḥ niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ avidhyat

37. And he (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) pierced his (Ashvatthama's) charioteer with twenty arrows, which were gold-feathered and sharpened on stone, and also (pierced) his four horses with four keen arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - Ashvatthama's charioteer. (charioteer)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - Of him (Ashvatthama). (his, of him, of this)

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - With twenty (arrows). (with twenty)

• स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - Describes the arrows used. (with gold-feathered)

• शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - Describes the arrows used. (sharpened on stone, whetted on stone)

• हयान् (hayān) - Ashvatthama's horses. (horses)

• च (ca) - and, also

• चतुरः (caturaḥ) - Four horses. (four)

• अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna pierced. (pierced, struck)

• चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - With four arrows. (with four, by four)

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - Describes the arrows. (sharpened, keen, whetted)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

सारथिम् (sārathim) - Ashvatthama's charioteer. (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer

Note: Object of 'avidhyat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अस्य (asya) - Of him (Ashvatthama). (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Genitive singular of 'idam', refers to Ashvatthama.

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - With twenty (arrows). (with twenty)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental case.

स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - Describes the arrows used. (with gold-feathered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svarṇapuṅkha

svarṇapuṅkha - having gold feathers/shafts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svarṇa+puṅkha)

• svarṇa – gold
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – feather, shaft of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implied 'śaraiḥ'.

शिलाशितैः (śilāśitaiḥ) - Describes the arrows used. (sharpened on stone, whetted on stone)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilāśita

śilāśita - sharpened on stone

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+śita)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• śita – sharpened, whetted, keen
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen).
  Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'śaraiḥ'.

हयान् (hayān) - Ashvatthama's horses. (horses)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Object of 'avidhyat'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

चतुरः (caturaḥ) - Four horses. (four)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'hayān'.

अविध्यत् (avidhyat) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna pierced. (pierced, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of vyadh

imperfect active

Root 'vyadh' (4th class), imperfect active 3rd person singular. Formed with augment 'a-'.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Main verb.

चतुर्भिः (caturbhiḥ) - With four arrows. (with four, by four)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, 'by means of four'.

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - Describes the arrows. (sharpened, keen, whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen, whetted, pointed

past passive participle

Derived from root 'śo' (to sharpen) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows, by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrumental plural, 'by means of arrows'.