महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-9

ऋते च विदुरं सर्वे यूयं वध्या महात्मनः ।
धृतराष्ट्रश्च धर्मज्ञो न वध्यः कुरुसत्तमः ॥९॥

9. ṛte ca viduraṁ sarve yūyaṁ vadhyā mahātmanaḥ ,
dhṛtarāṣṭraśca dharmajño na vadhyaḥ kurusattamaḥ.

9. ṛte ca viduraṃ sarve yūyaṃ vadhyā mahātmanaḥ
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ ca dharmajñaḥ na vadhyaḥ kurusattamaḥ

9. O great-souled one, all of you (meaning your sons and allies), except Vidura, are deserving of death. And Dhritarashtra, the knower of natural law (dharma), O best among the Kurus, is not deserving of death.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋते (ṛte) - except for (without, except for, apart from)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विदुरं (viduraṁ) - Vidura (Dhritarashtra's half-brother) (Vidura)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of your sons and allies) (all, everyone)

• यूयं (yūyaṁ) - you (Dhritarashtra's sons and allies) (you (plural))

• वध्या (vadhyā) - deserving of death (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving death)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - O great-souled one (Dhritarashtra) (O great-souled one!, O noble one!)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - the knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - deserving of death (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving death)

• कुरुसत्तमः (kurusattamaḥ) - O best among the Kurus (Dhritarashtra) (O best of Kurus!)

Words meanings and morphology

ऋते (ṛte) - except for (without, except for, apart from)

(indeclinable)

Governs accusative case.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विदुरं (viduraṁ) - Vidura (Dhritarashtra's half-brother) (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name)

Note: Governed by 'ṛte'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of your sons and allies) (all, everyone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Refers to the Kauravas and their allies.

यूयं (yūyaṁ) - you (Dhritarashtra's sons and allies) (you (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

Note: Refers collectively to Dhritarashtra's faction.

वध्या (vadhyā) - deserving of death (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhya

vadhya - to be slain, to be killed, to be struck, punishable by death

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root vadh (to kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - O great-souled one (Dhritarashtra) (O great-souled one!, O noble one!)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great being (mahātman)

Compound of mahat (great) + ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, eminent
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name, 'he who holds the kingdom')

Compound of dhṛta (held) + rāṣṭra (kingdom).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'na vadhyaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - the knower of natural law (dharma) (knower of (dharma), righteous, dutiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing (dharma), wise in righteousness, one who knows law/duty

Tatpuruṣa compound: dharma (law, duty) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise, a knower
  adjective (masculine)
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - deserving of death (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be slain, to be killed, to be struck, punishable by death

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root vadh (to kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

कुरुसत्तमः (kurusattamaḥ) - O best among the Kurus (Dhritarashtra) (O best of Kurus!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurusattama

kurusattama - best of the Kurus, most excellent Kuru

Tatpuruṣa compound: kuru (Kuru) + sattama (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+sattama)

• kuru – a descendant of Kuru, member of the Kuru dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, pre-eminent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of sat (good)

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.