महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-12

प्रतियुद्धे तु नियतः स्यादस्माकं पराजयः ।
युधिष्ठिरस्य सर्वे हि पार्थिवा वशवर्तिनः ॥१२॥

12. pratiyuddhe tu niyataḥ syādasmākaṁ parājayaḥ ,
yudhiṣṭhirasya sarve hi pārthivā vaśavartinaḥ.

12. pratiyuddhe tu niyataḥ syāt asmākam parājayaḥ
yudhiṣṭhirasya sarve hi pārthivā vaśavartinaḥ

12. However, in a counter-battle, our defeat would certainly be inevitable, because all kings are subservient to Yudhishthira.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतियुद्धे (pratiyuddhe) - in battle, in a counter-battle

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - certain, inevitable

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, might be, should be

• अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, vanquishing

• युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhishthira

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• पार्थिवा (pārthivā) - kings, princes

• वशवर्तिनः (vaśavartinaḥ) - obedient, subservient, under control

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतियुद्धे (pratiyuddhe) - in battle, in a counter-battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pratiyuddha

pratiyuddha - counter-battle, fighting back, hostile encounter

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

नियतः (niyataḥ) - certain, inevitable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, regulated, fixed, certain, inevitable

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'yam' (to control, restrain) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'parājayaḥ'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, might be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative/Potential Mood

From root 'as'. 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

अस्माकम् (asmākam) - our, of us

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - defeat, vanquishing

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, vanquishing, loss, discomfiture

Action noun

From root 'jī' (to conquer) with prefix 'parā'.

Prefix: parā

Root: jī (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (proper name, 'firm in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable, unmoving
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'pārthivā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

पार्थिवा (pārthivā) - kings, princes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth, earthly; a king, prince, ruler

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth).

Note: Subject of the implicit verb 'are'.

वशवर्तिनः (vaśavartinaḥ) - obedient, subservient, under control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaśavartin

vaśavartin - being under control, obedient, submissive, dependent

From 'vaśa' (control) + 'vartin' (being, acting).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vaśa+vartin)

• vaśa – will, power, control, authority
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)
• vartin – abiding, existing, acting, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to turn) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, agrees with 'pārthivā'.