महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-11

तत्र किं प्राप्तकालं नः प्रणिपातः पलायनम् ।
प्राणान्वा संपरित्यज्य प्रतियुध्यामहे परान् ॥११॥

11. tatra kiṁ prāptakālaṁ naḥ praṇipātaḥ palāyanam ,
prāṇānvā saṁparityajya pratiyudhyāmahe parān.

11. tatra kim prāptakālam naḥ praṇipātaḥ palāyanam
prāṇān vā samparityajya pratiyudhyāmahe parān

11. In that situation, what is appropriate for us: surrender or flight? Or should we abandon our lives (prāṇa) and fight back against our enemies?

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation

• किम् (kim) - what, whether

• प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - opportune, suitable, timely

• नः (naḥ) - for us

• प्रणिपातः (praṇipātaḥ) - prostration, submission, surrender

• पलायनम् (palāyanam) - fleeing, escape, flight

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, vital breaths

• वा (vā) - or, either

• सम्परित्यज्य (samparityajya) - having completely abandoned, having given up entirely

• प्रतियुध्यामहे (pratiyudhyāmahe) - we will fight back, we resist

• परान् (parān) - enemies, opponents

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that situation

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what, whether

(indeclinable)

प्राप्तकालम् (prāptakālam) - opportune, suitable, timely

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - having arrived at the right time, opportune, suitable, timely

Past Passive Participle + Noun

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective to an implied neuter singular subject (e.g., 'what').

नः (naḥ) - for us

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

प्रणिपातः (praṇipātaḥ) - prostration, submission, surrender

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇipāta

praṇipāta - bowing down, prostration, submission, reverence

Action noun

From root 'pat' (to fall) with prefixes 'pra' and 'ni'.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

पलायनम् (palāyanam) - fleeing, escape, flight

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of palāyana

palāyana - fleeing, flight, escape, retreating

Action noun

From root 'palāy' (to flee).

Root: āy (class 2)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, vital breaths

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, vital air, life, vital force, spirit

Root: an (class 2)

Note: The term (prāṇa) is included in the translation.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

सम्परित्यज्य (samparityajya) - having completely abandoned, having given up entirely

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefixes 'sam' and 'pari', and suffix '-ya'.

Prefixes: sam+pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्रतियुध्यामहे (pratiyudhyāmahe) - we will fight back, we resist

(verb)

1st person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pratiyudh

Present active/middle

From root 'yudh' (to fight) with prefix 'prati'. 1st person plural, Ātmanepada (middle voice).

Prefix: prati

Root: yudh (class 4)

परान् (parān) - enemies, opponents

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, hostile, enemy, supreme