महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-39

स चाप्येतद्विजानाति वासुदेवार्जुनौ तथा ।
दुर्योधनसमो नास्ति गदायामिति निश्चयः ॥३९॥

39. sa cāpyetadvijānāti vāsudevārjunau tathā ,
duryodhanasamo nāsti gadāyāmiti niścayaḥ.

39. saḥ ca api etat vijānāti vāsudevārjunau tathā
duryodhanasamaḥ na asti gadāyām iti niścayaḥ

39. He (Duryodhana) himself, as well as Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna, truly knows this: there is no one equal to Duryodhana in mace fighting. This is my firm conviction.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Duryodhana) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also

• एतत् (etat) - this

• विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands

• वासुदेवार्जुनौ (vāsudevārjunau) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

• दुर्योधनसमः (duryodhanasamaḥ) - equal to Duryodhana

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• गदायाम् (gadāyām) - in mace, in mace-fighting

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or conclusion

• निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

विजानाति (vijānāti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vijñā

Root verb `jñā` (class 9) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

वासुदेवार्जुनौ (vāsudevārjunau) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vāsudevārjuna

vāsudevārjuna - Vāsudeva and Arjuna

Compound type : Dvandva (vāsudeva+arjuna)

• vāsudeva – Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनसमः (duryodhanasamaḥ) - equal to Duryodhana

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhanasama

duryodhanasama - equal to Duryodhana

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+sama)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (a proper noun)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, like, similar
  adjective (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root verb `as` (class 2).

Root: as (class 2)

गदायाम् (gadāyām) - in mace, in mace-fighting

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech or conclusion

(indeclinable)

निश्चयः (niścayaḥ) - certainty, conviction, determination

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, conviction, determination

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)