महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-47

ब्रह्मर्षेश्च भरद्वाजाद्द्रोण्यां द्रोणो व्यजायत ।
द्रोणाज्जज्ञे महाराज द्रौणिश्च परमास्त्रवित् ॥४७॥

47. brahmarṣeśca bharadvājāddroṇyāṁ droṇo vyajāyata ,
droṇājjajñe mahārāja drauṇiśca paramāstravit.

47. brahmaṛṣeḥ ca bharadvājāt droṇyām droṇaḥ vyajayata
droṇāt jajñe mahārāja drauṇiḥ ca paramāstravit

47. From the royal sage (brahmarṣi) Bharadvāja, Droṇa was born in Droṇī. From Droṇa, O great king, was born Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman), who was skilled in the supreme weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मऋषेः (brahmaṛṣeḥ) - from the royal sage Bharadvāja (from the royal sage (brahmarṣi))

• च (ca) - and

• भरद्वाजात् (bharadvājāt) - from Bharadvāja

• द्रोण्याम् (droṇyām) - in Droṇī, the vessel from which Droṇa was born (in Droṇī (a vessel, or wife of Droṇa's father))

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - the guru Droṇa (Droṇa)

• व्यजयत (vyajayata) - was born, came forth

• द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Droṇa

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman))

• च (ca) - and

• परमास्त्रवित् (paramāstravit) - knower of supreme weapons, skilled in supreme weapons

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मऋषेः (brahmaṛṣeḥ) - from the royal sage Bharadvāja (from the royal sage (brahmarṣi))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of brahmaṛṣi

brahmaṛṣi - a royal sage, a sage of the highest order (brahmarṣi)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+ṛṣi)

• brahman – ultimate reality (brahman), sacred text, priest
  noun (neuter)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भरद्वाजात् (bharadvājāt) - from Bharadvāja

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - name of a famous sage

द्रोण्याम् (droṇyām) - in Droṇī, the vessel from which Droṇa was born (in Droṇī (a vessel, or wife of Droṇa's father))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of droṇī

droṇī - a trough, a tub, a bucket, a measure; name of a female

Root: dru

Note: The locative implies 'in' or 'from' in the sense of origin.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - the guru Droṇa (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas; a measure (similar to a barrel)

व्यजयत (vyajayata) - was born, came forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of jan

past imperfect tense (laṅ)

prefix 'vi', ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The prefix `vi` can imply separation, distinction, or simply intensifies the action of birth/coming forth.

द्रोणात् (droṇāt) - from Droṇa

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - name of a teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas; a measure (similar to a barrel)

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of jan

perfect tense (lit)

ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa, Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

patronymic from Droṇa

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the previous sentence or adds emphasis.

परमास्त्रवित् (paramāstravit) - knower of supreme weapons, skilled in supreme weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramāstravid

paramāstravid - knower of supreme weapons

derived from `vid` (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+astra+vid)

• parama – supreme, highest, best
  adjective (masculine)
• astra – weapon, missile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)
• vid – knowing, understanding, knower
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun from √vid
  nominalized root, forms compounds
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Describes Drauṇi.