महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-54, verse-52

कुण्डले रुचिरे चास्तां कर्णस्य सहजे शुभे ।
ते शच्यर्थे महेन्द्रेण याचितः स परंतपः ।
अमोघया महाराज शक्त्या परमभीमया ॥५२॥

52. kuṇḍale rucire cāstāṁ karṇasya sahaje śubhe ,
te śacyarthe mahendreṇa yācitaḥ sa paraṁtapaḥ ,
amoghayā mahārāja śaktyā paramabhīmayā.

52. kuṇḍale rucire ca āstām karṇasya
sahaje śubhe te śacyarthe mahendreṇa
yācitaḥ saḥ parantapaḥ
amoghayā mahārāja śaktyā paramabhīmayā

52. Karna was born with two brilliant and auspicious earrings. O great king, that tormentor of foes (parantapaḥ) was implored by Mahendra (Indra) for those (earrings) for the sake of Shachi, and (in return, he received) the infallible, supremely terrifying power (śakti).

Words meanings summery:

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - Karna's innate earrings (two earrings)

• रुचिरे (rucire) - brilliant, beautiful, splendid

• च (ca) - and

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - there were, they existed (dual)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

• सहजे (sahaje) - innate, born with, natural

• शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, brilliant, pure

• ते (te) - Referring to the two earrings (kuṇḍale) (those (dual))

• शच्यर्थे (śacyarthe) - for the sake of Shachi

• महेन्द्रेण (mahendreṇa) - by Mahendra (Indra)

• याचितः (yācitaḥ) - Karna was begged by Mahendra (begged, implored, requested)

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Karna (he, that (masculine))

• परन्तपः (parantapaḥ) - An epithet for Karna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

• अमोघया (amoghayā) - By the infallible power (śakti) (by the infallible, by the unerring)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra (O great king)

• शक्त्या (śaktyā) - By the divine dart given by Indra to Karna, known as Vasavi Shakti (by power, by the divine weapon (śakti))

• परमभीमया (paramabhīmayā) - By the supremely terrible power (śakti) (by the supremely terrible, by the very dreadful)

Words meanings and morphology

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - Karna's innate earrings (two earrings)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

रुचिरे (rucire) - brilliant, beautiful, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of rucira

rucira - brilliant, beautiful, splendid, pleasing

From root ruc 'to shine', 'to please'.

Root: ruc (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आस्ताम् (āstām) - there were, they existed (dual)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Augment 'ā' before 'a'.

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (eldest son of Kunti, half-brother of Pandavas), ear

Root: kṛ

सहजे (sahaje) - innate, born with, natural

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sahaja

sahaja - born with, innate, natural

Derived from saha (with) + ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saha+ja)

• saha – with, together
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, brilliant, pure

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of śubha

śubha - auspicious, brilliant, pure, beautiful

From root śubh 'to shine, be beautiful'.

Root: śubh (class 1)

ते (te) - Referring to the two earrings (kuṇḍale) (those (dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, those

शच्यर्थे (śacyarthe) - for the sake of Shachi

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śacyartha

śacyartha - for the purpose of Shachi, for Shachi's sake

From Śacī (Indra's wife) + artha (sake, purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śacī+artha)

• śacī – Shachi (Indra's wife)
  proper noun (feminine)
  Root: śac (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

महेन्द्रेण (mahendreṇa) - by Mahendra (Indra)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahendra

mahendra - Mahendra (a name for Indra), great Indra

From mahā (great) + indra.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+indra)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• indra – Indra (king of gods)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ind

याचितः (yācitaḥ) - Karna was begged by Mahendra (begged, implored, requested)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yācita

yācita - begged, requested, implored

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yāc 'to beg, ask'.

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: The subject Karna is being begged.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Karna (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

परन्तपः (parantapaḥ) - An epithet for Karna (tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parantapa

parantapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

From para (other, enemy) + tapa (burning, afflicting).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – heating, burning, tormenting
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap 'to heat, to torment'.
  Root: tap (class 1)

अमोघया (amoghayā) - By the infallible power (śakti) (by the infallible, by the unerring)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of amoghā

amoghā - infallible, unerring, effective, not fruitless

From a (not) + mogha (fruitless, vain).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (a+moghā)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix
• mogha – fruitless, vain, useless
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śaktyā.

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Dhritarashtra (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शक्त्या (śaktyā) - By the divine dart given by Indra to Karna, known as Vasavi Shakti (by power, by the divine weapon (śakti))

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, energy, divine power, weapon (specifically Indra's divine dart given to Karna)

From root śak 'to be able'. In this context, it refers to the divine dart given by Indra to Karna, known as Vasavi Shakti.

Root: śak (class 5)

परमभीमया (paramabhīmayā) - By the supremely terrible power (śakti) (by the supremely terrible, by the very dreadful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of paramabhīma

paramabhīma - supremely terrible, very dreadful

From parama (supreme, highest) + bhīma (terrible, dreadful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+bhīma)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of para.
• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhī 'to fear'.
  Root: bhī (class 3)