महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-8

तस्यासीन्न विषेणेदमुदकं दूषितं यथा ।
मुखवर्णाः प्रसन्ना मे भ्रातॄणामित्यचिन्तयत् ॥८॥

8. tasyāsīnna viṣeṇedamudakaṁ dūṣitaṁ yathā ,
mukhavarṇāḥ prasannā me bhrātṝṇāmityacintayat.

8. tasya āsīt na viṣeṇa idam udakam dūṣitam yathā |
mukhavarṇāḥ prasannā me bhrātṝṇām iti acintayat

8. Yudhiṣṭhira thought, "This water could not have been poisoned, because the countenances of my brothers are serene."

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Yudhiṣṭhira's observation/perspective) (his, of him, its, of it)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विषेण (viṣeṇa) - by poison (by poison, by venom)

• इदम् (idam) - this (water) (this, this one)

• उदकम् (udakam) - water (in the pool) (water)

• दूषितम् (dūṣitam) - polluted, poisoned (polluted, spoiled, defiled)

• यथा (yathā) - as, because (introducing a reason) (as, just as, in what way)

• मुखवर्णाः (mukhavarṇāḥ) - countenances, faces (facial complexions, countenances)

• प्रसन्ना (prasannā) - serene, unblemished (clear, serene, tranquil, pleased)

• मे (me) - my (brothers) (my, to me, for me)

• भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of my brothers (of brothers, among brothers)

• इति (iti) - thus (introducing speech/thought) (thus, so)

• अचिन्तयत् (acintayat) - he thought (he thought, he reflected)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Yudhiṣṭhira's observation/perspective) (his, of him, its, of it)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Here used to indicate Yudhiṣṭhira's perspective or the state of affairs concerning him.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विषेण (viṣeṇa) - by poison (by poison, by venom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison, venom

इदम् (idam) - this (water) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'udakam'.

उदकम् (udakam) - water (in the pool) (water)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

दूषितम् (dūṣitam) - polluted, poisoned (polluted, spoiled, defiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dūṣita

dūṣita - polluted, spoiled, defiled, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dūṣ (to spoil, pollute) + kta suffix

Root: dūṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'udakam'.

यथा (yathā) - as, because (introducing a reason) (as, just as, in what way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here it functions to introduce the reason for his conclusion.

मुखवर्णाः (mukhavarṇāḥ) - countenances, faces (facial complexions, countenances)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mukhavarṇa

mukhavarṇa - facial complexion, facial color, countenance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mukha+varṇa)

• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, complexion, caste, letter
  noun (masculine)

प्रसन्ना (prasannā) - serene, unblemished (clear, serene, tranquil, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prasanna

prasanna - clear, bright, serene, tranquil, pleased, propitiated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-sad (to be clear, to be pleased) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mukhavarṇāḥ'.

मे (me) - my (brothers) (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of genitive singular of 'asmad'.

भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of my brothers (of brothers, among brothers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

इति (iti) - thus (introducing speech/thought) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

अचिन्तयत् (acintayat) - he thought (he thought, he reflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cint

Derived from root cit with ṇic (causative) and then used as a simple verb (denominal), or directly root cint (10th class)

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: The augment 'a' indicates past tense.