महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-30

यक्ष उवाच ।
किं ब्राह्मणानां देवत्वं कश्च धर्मः सतामिव ।
कश्चैषां मानुषो भावः किमेषामसतामिव ॥३०॥

30. yakṣa uvāca ,
kiṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ devatvaṁ kaśca dharmaḥ satāmiva ,
kaścaiṣāṁ mānuṣo bhāvaḥ kimeṣāmasatāmiva.

30. yakṣa uvāca | kim brāhmaṇānām devatvam kaḥ ca dharmaḥ
satām iva | kaḥ ca eṣām mānuṣaḥ bhāvaḥ kim eṣām asatām iva

30. The Yakṣa said: What is the divinity of Brahmins? What is the natural law (dharma) of the virtuous? What is their human nature? And what is the characteristic of those who are not virtuous?

Words meanings summery:

• यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?

• ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

• देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divinity, godhood, godliness

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), inherent characteristic (duty, righteousness, law, virtue)

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these Brahmins (of them, of these)

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, belonging to humans

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - human nature (state, nature, condition, existence)

• किम् (kim) - what?

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of those who are not virtuous (of them, of these)

• असताम् (asatām) - of the non-existent, of the bad, of the non-virtuous

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

Words meanings and morphology

यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a semi-divine being, often guardian of treasures, an attendant of Kubera

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root `vac` takes reduplication for perfect (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

ब्राह्मणानाम् (brāhmaṇānām) - of Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class, relating to Brahman

देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divinity, godhood, godliness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devatva

devatva - divinity, godhood, divine nature

Derived from `deva` (god) + `tva` (suffix for 'state of being')

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), inherent characteristic (duty, righteousness, law, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, virtue, natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, religion

Derived from root `dhṛ` (to uphold, sustain)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the righteous

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, righteous, noble

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root `as` (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these Brahmins (of them, of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, these

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, belonging to humans

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, human being, relating to man

Derived from `manuṣa` (man) + `aṇ` suffix

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - human nature (state, nature, condition, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, nature, feeling, sentiment

Derived from root `bhū` (to be, to become) + `ghañ` suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

एषाम् (eṣām) - of those who are not virtuous (of them, of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, these

असताम् (asatām) - of the non-existent, of the bad, of the non-virtuous

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asant

asant - not being, non-existent, bad, wicked, non-virtuous

Present Active Participle (negated)

Negation of the present participle of root `as` (to be)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+sant)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• sant – being, existing, good, virtuous, righteous, noble
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present participle of root `as` (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)