महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-49

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
दाक्ष्यमेकपदं धर्म्यं दानमेकपदं यशः ।
सत्यमेकपदं स्वर्ग्यं शीलमेकपदं सुखम् ॥४९॥

49. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dākṣyamekapadaṁ dharmyaṁ dānamekapadaṁ yaśaḥ ,
satyamekapadaṁ svargyaṁ śīlamekapadaṁ sukham.

49. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dākṣyam ekapadam dharmyam dānam ekapadam
yaśaḥ satyam ekapadam svargyam śīlam ekapadam sukham

49. Yudhiṣṭhira replied, "Skill and efficiency are the sole means of righteousness (dharma). Charity (dāna) is the sole means of fame. Truth is the sole means of attaining heaven. Good conduct is the sole means of happiness."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (steadfast in battle, a name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• दाक्ष्यम् (dākṣyam) - skill and efficiency (skill, dexterity, efficiency, cleverness)

• एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - relating to righteousness (dharma) (righteous, lawful, conducive to dharma)

• दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

• एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality, integrity)

• एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

• स्वर्ग्यम् (svargyam) - leading to heaven (heavenly, leading to heaven, celestial)

• शीलम् (śīlam) - good conduct, virtuous character (character, conduct, good disposition, virtue)

• एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (steadfast in battle, a name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, a proper name

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

दाक्ष्यम् (dākṣyam) - skill and efficiency (skill, dexterity, efficiency, cleverness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dākṣya

dākṣya - skill, dexterity, efficiency, cleverness, competence

Abstract noun derived from 'dakṣa' (able, skilled).

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekapada

ekapada - one-footed, one step, single word, single state, sole means

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+pada)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (neuter)
• pada – foot, step, word, state, means, way
  noun (neuter)

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - relating to righteousness (dharma) (righteous, lawful, conducive to dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, just, lawful, proper, relating to dharma

Derived from 'dharma' with suffix 'ya'.

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'ekapadam'.

दानम् (dānam) - charity, giving (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, donation, generosity

action noun

From root 'dā' (to give), with suffix '-ana'.

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekapada

ekapada - one-footed, one step, single word, single state, sole means

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+pada)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (neuter)
• pada – foot, step, word, state, means, way
  noun (neuter)

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, renown, honor

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative as the object of the implied verb 'is'.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth (truth, reality, integrity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, integrity, sincerity

Derived from 'sat' (being, existence), from root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekapada

ekapada - one-footed, one step, single word, single state, sole means

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+pada)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (neuter)
• pada – foot, step, word, state, means, way
  noun (neuter)

स्वर्ग्यम् (svargyam) - leading to heaven (heavenly, leading to heaven, celestial)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svargya

svargya - heavenly, celestial, leading to heaven, related to heaven

Derived from 'svarga' with suffix 'ya'.

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'ekapadam'.

शीलम् (śīlam) - good conduct, virtuous character (character, conduct, good disposition, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - nature, habit, character, conduct, good disposition, virtue

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

एकपदम् (ekapadam) - the sole means, the single path (one step, single state, sole means, one word)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekapada

ekapada - one-footed, one step, single word, single state, sole means

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+pada)

• eka – one, single, unique
  numeral (neuter)
• pada – foot, step, word, state, means, way
  noun (neuter)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure, ease

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative as the object of the implied verb 'is'.