महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-33

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
इष्वस्त्रमेषां देवत्वं यज्ञ एषां सतामिव ।
भयं वै मानुषो भावः परित्यागोऽसतामिव ॥३३॥

33. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
iṣvastrameṣāṁ devatvaṁ yajña eṣāṁ satāmiva ,
bhayaṁ vai mānuṣo bhāvaḥ parityāgo'satāmiva.

33. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca iṣvastram eṣām devatvam yajñaḥ eṣām
satām iva bhayam vai mānuṣaḥ bhāvaḥ parityāgaḥ asatām iva

33. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca eṣām iṣvastram devatvam,
eṣām yajñaḥ satām iva bhayam vai mānuṣaḥ bhāvaḥ,
parityāgaḥ asatām iva

33. Yudhiṣṭhira said: For them (the gods), missile weapons constitute their divine power, and the performance of a Vedic ritual (yajña) is like that of virtuous beings. Fear is certainly a human characteristic, while abandonment (of one's duty or principles) is like that of the wicked.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इष्वस्त्रम् (iṣvastram) - missile weapons, arrows and weapons

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the gods) (of these)

• देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divine nature, divinity, godhood

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - the performance of a Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, devotion, worship)

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the gods) (of these)

• सताम् (satām) - of virtuous people, of good beings, of the existent

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, pertaining to humans

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - nature, state, condition, characteristic, existence

• परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

• असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of bad people, of the non-existent

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name, 'steady in battle')

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

इष्वस्त्रम् (iṣvastram) - missile weapons, arrows and weapons

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of iṣvastra

iṣvastra - missile weapon (combination of arrow and missile)

Compound type : dvandva (iṣu+astra)

• iṣu – arrow, dart
  noun (feminine)
• astra – weapon, missile, projectile
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 4)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the gods) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divine nature, divinity, godhood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devatva

devatva - divinity, godhood, divine power

derived from deva (god) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - the performance of a Vedic ritual (yajña) (Vedic ritual, devotion, worship)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, devotion, worship, offering

derived from root yaj (to worship, offer)

Root: yaj (class 1)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to the gods) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

सताम् (satām) - of virtuous people, of good beings, of the existent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, real (present participle of as 'to be')

Present Active Participle

derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, dread

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, pertaining to humans

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, relating to man

derived from manu (man) + aṣ (suffix)

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - nature, state, condition, characteristic, existence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - state, condition, nature, sentiment, existence, being

derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

परित्यागः (parityāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, giving up

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parityāga

parityāga - abandonment, renunciation, giving up, sacrifice

root tyaj (to abandon) with prefixes pari and ā

Prefixes: pari+ā

Root: tyaj (class 1)

असताम् (asatām) - of the wicked, of bad people, of the non-existent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, bad, wicked, untrue (negative of sat)

Present Active Participle (when from as)

prefix 'a' (negation) + sat (present participle of as)

Prefix: a

Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)