महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-23

न पेयमुदकं राजन्प्राणानिह परीप्सता ।
पार्थ मा साहसं कार्षीर्मम पूर्वपरिग्रहः ।
प्रश्नानुक्त्वा तु कौन्तेय ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥२३॥

23. na peyamudakaṁ rājanprāṇāniha parīpsatā ,
pārtha mā sāhasaṁ kārṣīrmama pūrvaparigrahaḥ ,
praśnānuktvā tu kaunteya tataḥ piba harasva ca.

23. na peyam udakam rājan prāṇān iha
parīpsatā pārtha mā sāhasam kārṣīḥ
mama pūrvaparigrahaḥ praśnān uktvā
tu kaunteya tataḥ piba harasva ca

23. O King (rājan), this water is not to be drunk here by one desiring to preserve his life. O Pārtha (pārtha), do not act rashly! This water is my former possession. But, O Kaunteya (kaunteya), after answering the questions, then drink and take it.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• पेयम् (peyam) - drinkable, to be drunk

• उदकम् (udakam) - water

• राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, or the primary addressee in the narrative. (O King!)

• प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• परीप्सता (parīpsatā) - by one desiring to preserve/obtain

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira (as Pṛthā is another name for Kuntī). (O son of Pṛthā)

• मा (mā) - do not

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - recklessness, rashness, violence

• कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do (aorist)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - Refers to the water. (former possession, previously acquired)

• प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having answered

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna or Bhīma). (O son of Kuntī)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• पिब (piba) - drink!

• हरस्व (harasva) - take!, seize!

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

पेयम् (peyam) - drinkable, to be drunk

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of peya

peya - to be drunk, potable, drinkable

Gerundive (kṛtya)

From root pā (to drink) with -ya suffix.

Root: pā (class 1)

उदकम् (udakam) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udaka

udaka - water

Root: und (class 7)

राजन् (rājan) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, or the primary addressee in the narrative. (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

प्राणान् (prāṇān) - lives, breaths, vital airs

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air, living being

From pra + an (to breathe).

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

परीप्सता (parīpsatā) - by one desiring to preserve/obtain

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to protect, wishing to preserve, intending to obtain

Desiderative present active participle

From desiderative stem of āp (to obtain, reach) with pari prefix and śatṛ suffix. Implies 'desiring to obtain/preserve one's life'.

Prefix: pari

Root: āp (class 5)

पार्थ (pārtha) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira (as Pṛthā is another name for Kuntī). (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma.

Formed from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix, meaning descendant of Pṛthā.

Note: Addressee.

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Used with aorist to express prohibition.

साहसम् (sāhasam) - recklessness, rashness, violence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - force, violence, rashness, recklessness, venture

Derived from sahas (force, power).

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Object of `kārṣīḥ`.

कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - do (aorist)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist (luṅ)

Aorist form of kṛ (to do), 2nd person singular, with -sīḥ suffix for prohibitory imperative.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Prohibitory aorist.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular of asmad (I).

पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - Refers to the water. (former possession, previously acquired)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvaparigraha

pūrvaparigraha - former possession, previously taken/acquired

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+parigraha)

• pūrva – former, prior, previous
  adjective (masculine)
• parigraha – possession, acquisition, property; taking, grasping
  noun (masculine)
  From pari + grah (to seize, take)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Predicate nominative.

प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

From pra + śnā (to ask, inquire), or pra + śru.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having answered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root vac (to speak), past participle stem ukta, with -tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira (or Arjuna or Bhīma). (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, a name for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, or Arjuna.

Formed from Kuntī + ḍhak suffix, meaning descendant of Kuntī.

Note: Addressee.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix -tas.

पिब (piba) - drink!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pā

Imperative (loṭ)

Imperative form of pā (to drink), 2nd person singular.

Root: pā (class 1)

हरस्व (harasva) - take!, seize!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of hṛ

Imperative (loṭ)

Imperative form of hṛ (to take), 2nd person singular, middle voice.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The 'sva' ending indicates middle voice imperative 2nd singular.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.