महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-19

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततस्तामशिवां श्रुत्वा वाचं स परुषाक्षराम् ।
यक्षस्य ब्रुवतो राजन्नुपक्रम्य तदा स्थितः ॥१९॥

19. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tatastāmaśivāṁ śrutvā vācaṁ sa paruṣākṣarām ,
yakṣasya bruvato rājannupakramya tadā sthitaḥ.

19. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ tām aśivām śrutvā vācam saḥ
paruṣākṣarām yakṣasya bruvataḥ rājan upakramya tadā sthitaḥ

19. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: 'O King, after hearing that inauspicious and harsh speech from the Yaksha who was speaking, he then approached him and stood.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

• ताम् (tām) - that, her, it

• अशिवाम् (aśivām) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he)

• परुषाक्षराम् (paruṣākṣarām) - harsh-worded, with rough syllables

• यक्षस्य (yakṣasya) - of the Yaksha

• ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - speaking, saying

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to King Janamejaya by Vaiśaṃpāyana. (O King)

• उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - Yudhiṣṭhira having approached the Yaksha. (having approached, having advanced)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira stood (before the Yaksha). (stood, remained, was standing)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator of the Mahabharata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a celebrated sage, pupil of Vyāsa)

Masculine nominative singular.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Perfect active, third person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence in narration.

ताम् (tām) - that, her, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine accusative singular.

अशिवाम् (aśivām) - inauspicious, unlucky, evil

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśiva

aśiva - inauspicious, unpropitious, evil

Feminine accusative singular.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śiva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śiva – auspicious, benevolent, gracious
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vācam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle, expressing an action completed before the main verb.

Root: śru (class 5)

वाचम् (vācam) - speech, word

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

Feminine accusative singular.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Masculine nominative singular.

परुषाक्षराम् (paruṣākṣarām) - harsh-worded, with rough syllables

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paruṣākṣara

paruṣākṣara - harsh-worded, rough in sound or syllable

Feminine accusative singular.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (paruṣa+akṣara)

• paruṣa – harsh, rough, cruel, severe
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣara – syllable, letter
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'vācam'.

यक्षस्य (yakṣasya) - of the Yaksha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - Yaksha

Masculine genitive singular.

Note: Modifies 'bruvataḥ'.

ब्रुवतः (bruvataḥ) - speaking, saying

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of √brū

√brū - to speak, to say, to tell

Present Active Participle

Masculine genitive singular. From root √brū (also √vac).

Root: brū (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to King Janamejaya by Vaiśaṃpāyana. (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Masculine vocative singular.

उपक्रम्य (upakramya) - Yudhiṣṭhira having approached the Yaksha. (having approached, having advanced)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from √kram with prefix 'upa-'.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira stood (before the Yaksha). (stood, remained, was standing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, existing, remained

Past Passive Participle

From the root √sthā ('to stand'), masculine nominative singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)