महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-3

स दीर्घमुष्णं निःश्वस्य शोकबाष्पपरिप्लुतः ।
बुद्ध्या विचिन्तयामास वीराः केन निपातिताः ॥३॥

3. sa dīrghamuṣṇaṁ niḥśvasya śokabāṣpapariplutaḥ ,
buddhyā vicintayāmāsa vīrāḥ kena nipātitāḥ.

3. saḥ dīrgham uṣṇam niḥśvasya śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ
buddhyā vicintayāmāsa vīrāḥ kena nipātitāḥ

3. He sighed a long, hot breath, overcome by tears of sorrow. With his intellect, he pondered, "By whom were these heroes struck down?"

3. הוא נאנח אנחה ארוכה וחמה, ושטוף דמעות צער, חשב בשכלו, מי הפיל את הגיבורים האלה?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• शोकबाष्पपर्लिप्लुतः (śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ) - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

• विचिन्तयामास (vicintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought deeply

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes

• केन (kena) - by whom

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - struck down, killed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, deep

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, fiery

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √śvas (to breathe, sigh) with the prefix 'nis'.

Prefix: nis

Root: √śvas (class 2)

शोकबाष्पपर्लिप्लुतः (śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ) - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokabāṣpaparlipluta

śokabāṣpaparlipluta - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+bāṣpa+paripluta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• paripluta – bathed, drenched, overwhelmed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √plu (to float, to bathe) with the prefix 'pari'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: √plu (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

विचिन्तयामास (vicintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought deeply

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vicintayāmāsa

Perfect Active (Periphrastic)

Derived from the causative of the root √cit (to perceive, think) with the prefix 'vi', forming 'vicintayati', then conjugated in the periphrastic perfect.

Prefix: vi

Root: √cit (class 10)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - struck down, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, killed, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative form of the root √pat (to fall) with the prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: √pat (class 1)

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