महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-3

स दीर्घमुष्णं निःश्वस्य शोकबाष्पपरिप्लुतः ।
बुद्ध्या विचिन्तयामास वीराः केन निपातिताः ॥३॥

3. sa dīrghamuṣṇaṁ niḥśvasya śokabāṣpapariplutaḥ ,
buddhyā vicintayāmāsa vīrāḥ kena nipātitāḥ.

3. saḥ dīrgham uṣṇam niḥśvasya śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ
buddhyā vicintayāmāsa vīrāḥ kena nipātitāḥ

3. He sighed a long, hot breath, overcome by tears of sorrow. With his intellect, he pondered, "By whom were these heroes struck down?"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he)

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• शोकबाष्पपर्लिप्लुतः (śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ) - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

• विचिन्तयामास (vicintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought deeply

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes

• केन (kena) - by whom

• निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - struck down, killed

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Yudhishthira (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, deep

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, fiery

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √śvas (to breathe, sigh) with the prefix 'nis'.

Prefix: nis

Root: √śvas (class 2)

शोकबाष्पपर्लिप्लुतः (śokabāṣpaparliplutaḥ) - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokabāṣpaparlipluta

śokabāṣpaparlipluta - bathed in tears of sorrow, overwhelmed by tears of grief

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+bāṣpa+paripluta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• paripluta – bathed, drenched, overwhelmed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √plu (to float, to bathe) with the prefix 'pari'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: √plu (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

विचिन्तयामास (vicintayāmāsa) - he pondered, he thought deeply

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vicintayāmāsa

Perfect Active (Periphrastic)

Derived from the causative of the root √cit (to perceive, think) with the prefix 'vi', forming 'vicintayati', then conjugated in the periphrastic perfect.

Prefix: vi

Root: √cit (class 10)

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

निपातिताः (nipātitāḥ) - struck down, killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, killed, caused to fall

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from the causative form of the root √pat (to fall) with the prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: √pat (class 1)