महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-28

यक्ष उवाच ।
केन स्विच्छ्रोत्रियो भवति केन स्विद्विन्दते महत् ।
केन द्वितीयवान्भवति राजन्केन च बुद्धिमान् ॥२८॥

28. yakṣa uvāca ,
kena svicchrotriyo bhavati kena svidvindate mahat ,
kena dvitīyavānbhavati rājankena ca buddhimān.

28. yakṣa uvāca | kena svit śrotriyaḥ bhavati kena svit vindate
mahat | kena dvitīyavān bhavati rājan kena ca buddhimān

28. The Yakṣa said: By what means, indeed, does one become learned in the Vedas (śrotriya)? By what means does one achieve greatness? By what means does one become endowed with a companion, O King? And by what means does one become intelligent?

Words meanings summery:

• यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

• श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

• विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

• महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as King (O King)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Words meanings and morphology

यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a semi-divine being, often guardian of treasures, an attendant of Kubera

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root `vac` takes reduplication for perfect (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

(indeclinable)

श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - one who has studied the Vedas, learned in sacred texts, a Brahmin learned in the Vedas

Derived from śrotra (ear, Veda) + īya (suffix)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

(indeclinable)

विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Present Tense

Root `vid` belongs to the 6th class (vindati) or 7th class (vinatti) or 4th class (vidyati), or 2nd class (vetti); here, 7th class middle form used as present.

Root: vid (class 7)

महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important; greatness, magnitude

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīyavat

dvitīyavat - having a second, accompanied, endowed with a companion

Derived from dvitīya ('second') + -vat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvitīya+vat)

• dvitīya – second
  adjective (masculine)
• vat – possessing, like, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as King (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Derived from buddhi ('intellect') + -mat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (buddhi+mat)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know) + -ti suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)
• mat – possessing, having, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession