महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-28

यक्ष उवाच ।
केन स्विच्छ्रोत्रियो भवति केन स्विद्विन्दते महत् ।
केन द्वितीयवान्भवति राजन्केन च बुद्धिमान् ॥२८॥

28. yakṣa uvāca ,
kena svicchrotriyo bhavati kena svidvindate mahat ,
kena dvitīyavānbhavati rājankena ca buddhimān.

28. yakṣa uvāca | kena svit śrotriyaḥ bhavati kena svit vindate
mahat | kena dvitīyavān bhavati rājan kena ca buddhimān

28. The Yakṣa said: By what means, indeed, does one become learned in the Vedas (śrotriya)? By what means does one achieve greatness? By what means does one become endowed with a companion, O King? And by what means does one become intelligent?

28. היַקְשַׁה אמר, במה נעשה אדם בקי בוֵדוֹת, במה משיג גדולה, במה נעשה בעל בן לוויה, ובמה נעשה חכם, הו מלך?

Words meanings summery:

• यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

• श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

• विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

• महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as King (O King)

• केन (kena) - by what, by which means

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Words meanings and morphology

यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa, a semi-divine being

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a semi-divine being, often guardian of treasures, an attendant of Kubera

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root `vac` takes reduplication for perfect (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

(indeclinable)

श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - one who has studied the Vedas, learned in sacred texts, a Brahmin learned in the Vedas

Derived from śrotra (ear, Veda) + īya (suffix)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

स्वित् (svit) - indeed, surely, perhaps

(indeclinable)

विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Present Tense

Root `vid` belongs to the 6th class (vindati) or 7th class (vinatti) or 4th class (vidyati), or 2nd class (vetti); here, 7th class middle form used as present.

Root: vid (class 7)

महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important; greatness, magnitude

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīyavat

dvitīyavat - having a second, accompanied, endowed with a companion

Derived from dvitīya ('second') + -vat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvitīya+vat)

• dvitīya – second
  adjective (masculine)
• vat – possessing, like, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - Addressing Yudhiṣṭhira as King (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

केन (kena) - by what, by which means

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Derived from buddhi ('intellect') + -mat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (buddhi+mat)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know) + -ti suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)
• mat – possessing, having, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession

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