महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-39

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
देवतातिथिभृत्यानां पितॄणामात्मनश्च यः ।
न निर्वपति पञ्चानामुच्छ्वसन्न स जीवति ॥३९॥

39. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
devatātithibhṛtyānāṁ pitṝṇāmātmanaśca yaḥ ,
na nirvapati pañcānāmucchvasanna sa jīvati.

39. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca devatātithibhṛtyānām pitṝṇām ātmanaḥ
ca yaḥ na nirvapati pañcānām ucchvasan na saḥ jīvati

39. Yudhiṣṭhira replied, 'He who, even while breathing, does not offer to the five categories—deities, guests, dependents, ancestors, and his own self (ātman)—does not truly live.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• देवतातिथिभृत्यानाम् (devatātithibhṛtyānām) - of deities, guests, and dependents

• पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of ancestors, of fathers

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman), of the soul

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• न (na) - not, no

• निर्वपति (nirvapati) - offers, performs (a sacrifice)

• पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of the five categories of the Pañca-mahāyajña (of the five)

• उच्छ्वसन् (ucchvasan) - breathing out, exhaling; merely breathing

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

देवतातिथिभृत्यानाम् (devatātithibhṛtyānām) - of deities, guests, and dependents

(noun)

Genitive, plural of devatātithibhṛtya

devatātithibhṛtya - deities, guests, and dependents (a dvandva compound)

Compound type : dvandva (devatā+atithi+bhṛtya)

• devatā – deity, divinity, god, goddess
  noun (feminine)
• atithi – guest, visitor
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛtya – servant, dependent, employee
  noun (masculine)

पितॄणाम् (pitṝṇām) - of ancestors, of fathers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self (ātman), of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: The term (ātman) refers to the individual self or soul.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निर्वपति (nirvapati) - offers, performs (a sacrifice)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of nirvap

Prefix: nis

Root: vap (class 1)

पञ्चानाम् (pañcānām) - of the five categories of the Pañca-mahāyajña (of the five)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of pañcan

pañcan - five

उच्छ्वसन् (ucchvasan) - breathing out, exhaling; merely breathing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucchvasat

ucchvasat - breathing out, exhaling, inhaling, merely breathing

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root √śvas (to breathe) with the prefix ut (up, out).

Prefix: ut

Root: śvas (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)