महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-43

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मत्स्यः सुप्तो न निमिषत्यण्डं जातं न चोपति ।
अश्मनो हृदयं नास्ति नदी वेगेन वर्धते ॥४३॥

43. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
matsyaḥ supto na nimiṣatyaṇḍaṁ jātaṁ na copati ,
aśmano hṛdayaṁ nāsti nadī vegena vardhate.

43. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca matsyaḥ suptaḥ na nimiṣati aṇḍam jātam
na ca upati aśmanaḥ hṛdayam na asti nadī vegena vardhate

43. Yudhiṣṭhira said, "A fish, while sleeping, does not close its eyes. An egg, when born, does not stir. A stone has no heart. A river grows rapidly."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

• सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - a fish, while asleep (asleep, sleeping)

• न (na) - not, no

• निमिषति (nimiṣati) - does not close its eyes (winks, closes its eyes, blinks)

• अण्डम् (aṇḍam) - an egg

• जातम् (jātam) - an egg, when born (born, produced, generated)

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• उपति (upati) - does not stir or move from its place (goes, moves, stirs)

• अश्मनः (aśmanaḥ) - a stone (possessive, implying 'a stone's') (of a stone, from a stone)

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind, core

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is not, does not exist (is, exists)

• नदी (nadī) - a river

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, quickly

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows rapidly (grows, increases, prospers)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; a name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मत्स्यः (matsyaḥ) - a fish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matsya

matsya - fish

सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - a fish, while asleep (asleep, sleeping)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - slept, asleep, sleeping

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √svap

Root: svap (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

निमिषति (nimiṣati) - does not close its eyes (winks, closes its eyes, blinks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ni-miṣ

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √miṣ with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: miṣ (class 4)

अण्डम् (aṇḍam) - an egg

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aṇḍa

aṇḍa - egg, testicle

जातम् (jātam) - an egg, when born (born, produced, generated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उपति (upati) - does not stir or move from its place (goes, moves, stirs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa-i

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √i with prefix upa-. The form 'upati' is an attested, less common variant of 'upaiti' or a metrical adaptation.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

अश्मनः (aśmanaḥ) - a stone (possessive, implying 'a stone's') (of a stone, from a stone)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśman

aśman - stone, rock, thunderbolt

Note: Used possessively.

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind, core

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, core

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is not, does not exist (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of √as

Root: as (class 2)

नदी (nadī) - a river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

Root: nad (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, rapidly, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impulse, force

Root: vij (class 6)

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows rapidly (grows, increases, prospers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of √vṛdh. Active voice form 'vardhati' is also common.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)