महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-29

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
श्रुतेन श्रोत्रियो भवति तपसा विन्दते महत् ।
धृत्या द्वितीयवान्भवति बुद्धिमान्वृद्धसेवया ॥२९॥

29. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
śrutena śrotriyo bhavati tapasā vindate mahat ,
dhṛtyā dvitīyavānbhavati buddhimānvṛddhasevayā.

29. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śrutena śrotriyaḥ bhavati tapasā vindate
mahat | dhṛtyā dvitīyavān bhavati buddhimān vṛddhasevayā

29. Yudhiṣṭhira replied: One becomes learned in the Vedas (śrotriya) through sacred knowledge. One achieves greatness through austerity (tapas). One becomes endowed with a companion through fortitude. One becomes intelligent through serving the elders.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by learning, by tradition

• श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual effort

• विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

• महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

• धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by firmness, by fortitude, by patience, by resolve

• द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

• वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by serving the elders, by attending to the aged

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root `vac` takes reduplication for perfect (uvāca)

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by sacred knowledge, by learning, by tradition

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, sacred knowledge, tradition

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `śru` (to hear)

Root: śru (class 1)

श्रोत्रियः (śrotriyaḥ) - one learned in the Vedas, a theologian

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrotriya

śrotriya - one who has studied the Vedas, learned in sacred texts, a Brahmin learned in the Vedas

Derived from śrotra (ear, Veda) + īya (suffix)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual effort

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

विन्दते (vindate) - finds, obtains, acquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vid

Present Tense

Root `vid` belongs to the 6th class (vindati) or 7th class (vinatti) or 4th class (vidyati), or 2nd class (vetti); here, 7th class middle form used as present.

Root: vid (class 7)

महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement) (great, large, important, greatness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important; greatness, magnitude

धृत्या (dhṛtyā) - by firmness, by fortitude, by patience, by resolve

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dhṛti

dhṛti - firmness, fortitude, patience, steadfastness, resolve

Derived from root `dhṛ` (to hold, to support) + -ti suffix

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

द्वितीयवान् (dvitīyavān) - having a second, accompanied, having a companion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvitīyavat

dvitīyavat - having a second, accompanied, endowed with a companion

Derived from dvitīya ('second') + -vat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvitīya+vat)

• dvitīya – second
  adjective (masculine)
• vat – possessing, like, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, comes into being, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Tense

Root: bhū (class 1)

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

Derived from buddhi ('intellect') + -mat ('possessing')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (buddhi+mat)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, wisdom
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know) + -ti suffix
  Root: budh (class 1)
• mat – possessing, having, endowed with (suffix)
  suffix
  Taddhita suffix indicating possession

वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by serving the elders, by attending to the aged

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛddhasevā

vṛddhasevā - service to elders, attendance on the aged

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+sevā)

• vṛddha – aged, old, grown, experienced, elder
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `vṛdh` (to grow, to increase)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• sevā – service, worship, attendance, devotion
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `sev` (to serve)
  Root: sev (class 1)