महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-32

यक्ष उवाच ।
किं क्षत्रियाणां देवत्वं कश्च धर्मः सतामिव ।
कश्चैषां मानुषो भावः किमेषामसतामिव ॥३२॥

32. yakṣa uvāca ,
kiṁ kṣatriyāṇāṁ devatvaṁ kaśca dharmaḥ satāmiva ,
kaścaiṣāṁ mānuṣo bhāvaḥ kimeṣāmasatāmiva.

32. yakṣa uvāca kim kṣatriyāṇām devatvam ca dharmaḥ
satām iva ca eṣām mānuṣaḥ bhāvaḥ kim eṣām asatām iva

32. The Yakṣa asked, "What is the divine quality of Kṣatriyas? What is their intrinsic nature (dharma), like that of the righteous? What is their human characteristic? And what is their quality that resembles that of the unrighteous?"

Words meanings summery:

• यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa (a class of nature-spirits)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what?

• क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the Kṣatriyas

• देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divinity, divine nature, divine quality

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the righteous

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• च (ca) - and

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to Kṣatriyas) (of these)

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, human characteristic, human nature

• भावः (bhāvaḥ) - nature, state, condition, characteristic, emotion, existence

• किम् (kim) - what?

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to Kṣatriyas) (of these)

• असताम् (asatām) - of the unrighteous, of the bad

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

Words meanings and morphology

यक्ष (yakṣa) - a Yakṣa (a class of nature-spirits)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of semi-divine beings, usually benevolent guardians of treasures

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

क्षत्रियाणाम् (kṣatriyāṇām) - of the Kṣatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class

Root: kṣi

देवत्वम् (devatvam) - divinity, divine nature, divine quality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of devatva

devatva - divinity, godhead, divine quality

Derived from deva (god) + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - intrinsic nature (dharma) (natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, cosmic order

From √dhṛ (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous, of the righteous

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, righteous

present active participle

From √as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Noun form: 'of the righteous ones'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to Kṣatriyas) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun idam.

Note: Refers to 'them', the Kṣatriyas.

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - human, human characteristic, human nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, relating to humans, a human being

Derived from manuṣya (man, human).

Note: Here used as an adjective modifying bhāvaḥ (nature/characteristic).

भावः (bhāvaḥ) - nature, state, condition, characteristic, emotion, existence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, nature, characteristic, emotion, disposition

From √bhū (to be, exist).

Root: bhū (class 1)

किम् (kim) - what?

(interrogative pronoun)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (referring to Kṣatriyas) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Genitive plural form of the demonstrative pronoun idam.

Note: Refers to 'them', the Kṣatriyas.

असताम् (asatām) - of the unrighteous, of the bad

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, false, bad, unrighteous

present active participle (negative)

Negated form of sat (present participle of √as).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sat – being, existing, good, virtuous, righteous
  adjective/participle
  present active participle
  From √as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Noun form: 'of the unrighteous ones'.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)