महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-54

यक्ष उवाच ।
कश्च धर्मः परो लोके कश्च धर्मः सदाफलः ।
किं नियम्य न शोचन्ति कैश्च संधिर्न जीर्यते ॥५४॥

54. yakṣa uvāca ,
kaśca dharmaḥ paro loke kaśca dharmaḥ sadāphalaḥ ,
kiṁ niyamya na śocanti kaiśca saṁdhirna jīryate.

54. yakṣaḥ uvāca | kaḥ ca dharmaḥ paraḥ loke kaḥ ca dharmaḥ
sadāphalaḥ | kim niyamya na śocanti kaiḥ ca sandhiḥ na jīryate

54. The Yakṣa said: "What supreme (dharma) is there in the world? What (dharma) always bears fruit? By restraining what do people not grieve? And by what means does an alliance not decay?"

Words meanings summery:

• यक्षः (yakṣaḥ) - Yakṣa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• च (ca) - and, also

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness

• सदाफलः (sadāphalaḥ) - always bearing fruit, always fruitful

• किम् (kim) - what?

• नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled

• न (na) - not, no

• शोचन्ति (śocanti) - they grieve, they lament

• कैः (kaiḥ) - by whom, with what (plural instrumental)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance, treaty, union

• न (na) - not, no

• जीर्यते (jīryate) - it decays, it becomes old, it wears out

Words meanings and morphology

यक्षः (yakṣaḥ) - Yakṣa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a Yakṣa (a semi-divine being, often associated with Kubera)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which? (interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, code of conduct

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, chief, other, distant

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people, community, realm

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which? (interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - (dharma) natural law, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, code of conduct

सदाफलः (sadāphalaḥ) - always bearing fruit, always fruitful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadāphala

sadāphala - always bearing fruit, ever-fruitful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sadā+phala)

• sadā – always, ever, perpetually
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who? what? which? (interrogative pronoun)

नियम्य (niyamya) - having restrained, having controlled

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni and the -ya suffix (lyap).

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शोचन्ति (śocanti) - they grieve, they lament

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

कैः (kaiḥ) - by whom, with what (plural instrumental)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who? what? which? (interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सन्धिः (sandhiḥ) - alliance, treaty, union

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, junction, alliance, treaty, peace, connection

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जीर्यते (jīryate) - it decays, it becomes old, it wears out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jīr

Root: jīr (class 4)