महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-61

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
सन्तो दिग्जलमाकाशं गौरन्नं प्रार्थना विषम् ।
श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः कथं वा यक्ष मन्यसे ॥६१॥

61. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
santo digjalamākāśaṁ gaurannaṁ prārthanā viṣam ,
śrāddhasya brāhmaṇaḥ kālaḥ kathaṁ vā yakṣa manyase.

61. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | santaḥ dik
jalam ākāśam gauḥ annam prārthanā
viṣam | śrāddhasya brāhmaṇaḥ
kālaḥ katham vā yakṣa manyase

61. Yudhiṣṭhira replied, "The virtuous (santaḥ) are the (true) direction. The sky is water. A cow is food. And begging is poison. As for the proper time for a śrāddha (ancestral offering), a Brahmin is that time. Or how do you understand this, O Yaksha?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the virtuous, noble ones, saints

• दिक् (dik) - direction, quarter of the sky

• जलम् (jalam) - water

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, ether, space

• गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, bull, earth, light)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

• प्रार्थना (prārthanā) - begging, solicitation (implying seeking favors from others) (request, prayer, solicitation, begging)

• विषम् (viṣam) - poison

• श्राद्धस्य (śrāddhasya) - of the śrāddha (ancestral offering)

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

• कालः (kālaḥ) - proper time (for śrāddha) (time, season, proper time)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• यक्ष (yakṣa) - O Yaksha

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you believe

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhiṣṭhira, eldest of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

सन्तः (santaḥ) - the good, the virtuous, noble ones, saints

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sant

sant - being, good, virtuous, existing

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be), present active participle, masculine nominative plural

Root: as (class 2)

Note: From the participle of 'as' (to be).

दिक् (dik) - direction, quarter of the sky

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, space

Note: Final 'k' in word form is due to external sandhi, base is 'diś'.

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, ether, space

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, ether, space

गौः (gauḥ) - cow (cow, bull, earth, light)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, bull, earth, light

Note: Irregular declension.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, grain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain

प्रार्थना (prārthanā) - begging, solicitation (implying seeking favors from others) (request, prayer, solicitation, begging)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prārthanā

prārthanā - request, prayer, solicitation, begging

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

विषम् (viṣam) - poison

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viṣa

viṣa - poison

श्राद्धस्य (śrāddhasya) - of the śrāddha (ancestral offering)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - an ancestral offering, funeral rite, rite in honour of the dead

From śraddhā + aṇ

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

कालः (kālaḥ) - proper time (for śrāddha) (time, season, proper time)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

यक्ष (yakṣa) - O Yaksha

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of demi-gods, a nature-spirit

मन्यसे (manyase) - you think, you consider, you believe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

present middle

from root 'man' (4th class), 2nd person singular

Root: man (class 4)