महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-59

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
मृतो दरिद्रः पुरुषो मृतं राष्ट्रमराजकम् ।
मृतमश्रोत्रियं श्राद्धं मृतो यज्ञस्त्वदक्षिणः ॥५९॥

59. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
mṛto daridraḥ puruṣo mṛtaṁ rāṣṭramarājakam ,
mṛtamaśrotriyaṁ śrāddhaṁ mṛto yajñastvadakṣiṇaḥ.

59. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca mṛtaḥ daridraḥ puruṣaḥ mṛtam rāṣṭram
a-rājakam mṛtam a-śrotriyam śrāddham mṛtaḥ yajñaḥ tu a-dakṣiṇaḥ

59. Yudhiṣṭhira replied: "A poor man is considered dead. A kingdom without a ruler is considered dead. A śrāddha (ancestor ritual) performed without a learned Brahmin is considered dead. And a Vedic ritual (yajña) without offerings is considered dead."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, deceased

• दरिद्रः (daridraḥ) - poor, destitute

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, man

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, country, state

• अ-राजकम् (a-rājakam) - without a king, kingless

• मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

• अ-श्रोत्रियम् (a-śrotriyam) - without a learned Brahmin, not a śrotriya

• श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - ancestor ritual

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, deceased

• यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice, worship

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अ-दक्षिणः (a-dakṣiṇaḥ) - without offerings, without a sacrificial fee

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava brother)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (firm in battle, name of a king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root mṛ with suffix -ta.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

दरिद्रः (daridraḥ) - poor, destitute

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daridra

daridra - poor, indigent, destitute, miserable

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa)

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root mṛ with suffix -ta.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - kingdom, country, state

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, country, realm, state

अ-राजकम् (a-rājakam) - without a king, kingless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arājaka

arājaka - kingless, without a ruler, anarchic

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rājan)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

मृतम् (mṛtam) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root mṛ with suffix -ta.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

अ-श्रोत्रियम् (a-śrotriyam) - without a learned Brahmin, not a śrotriya

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśrotriya

aśrotriya - not a śrotriya, one not learned in the Vedas, one who does not maintain the sacred fires

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śrotriya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• śrotriya – a Brahmin learned in the Vedas, one who maintains the sacred fires
  noun (masculine)

श्राद्धम् (śrāddham) - ancestor ritual

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrāddha

śrāddha - a religious ceremony performed in honor of deceased ancestors, an obsequial rite (śrāddha)

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead, deceased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased, died

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root mṛ with suffix -ta.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

यज्ञः (yajñaḥ) - ritual sacrifice, worship

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - a ritual sacrifice, an act of worship, an offering (yajña)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अ-दक्षिणः (a-dakṣiṇaḥ) - without offerings, without a sacrificial fee

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adakṣiṇa

adakṣiṇa - without a fee, without a gift (dakṣiṇā), illiberal

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dakṣiṇā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dakṣiṇā – a sacrificial fee, offering, gift, donation
  noun (feminine)