महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-10

एतेनाध्यवसायेन तत्तोयमवगाढवान् ।
गाहमानश्च तत्तोयमन्तरिक्षात्स शुश्रुवे ॥१०॥

10. etenādhyavasāyena tattoyamavagāḍhavān ,
gāhamānaśca tattoyamantarikṣātsa śuśruve.

10. etena adhyavasāyena tat toyam avagāḍhavān |
gāhamānaḥ ca tat toyam antarikṣāt sa śuśruve

10. With this determination, he entered that water. As he was entering that water, he heard a voice from the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• एतेन (etena) - with this (by this, with this)

• अध्यवसायेन (adhyavasāyena) - by this determination (by determination, by resolve, by effort)

• तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

• तोयम् (toyam) - water (in the pool) (water)

• अवगाढवान् (avagāḍhavān) - he entered (the water) (he entered, he plunged into)

• गाहमानः (gāhamānaḥ) - while entering (entering, plunging into)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

• तोयम् (toyam) - water (in the pool) (water)

• अन्तरिक्षात् (antarikṣāt) - from the sky (from the sky, from space)

• स (sa) - he (Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that one)

• शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard (he heard, he was heard)

Words meanings and morphology

एतेन (etena) - with this (by this, with this)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Agrees with 'adhyavasāyena'.

अध्यवसायेन (adhyavasāyena) - by this determination (by determination, by resolve, by effort)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adhyavasāya

adhyavasāya - determination, resolve, effort, perseverance

Derived from adhi-ava-so (to endeavor, to determine)

Prefixes: adhi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'toyam'.

तोयम् (toyam) - water (in the pool) (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

Note: Object of 'avagāḍhavān'.

अवगाढवान् (avagāḍhavān) - he entered (the water) (he entered, he plunged into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avagāḍhavat

avagāḍhavat - one who has entered, plunged into

Past Active Participle

Derived from ava-gāh (to plunge into, enter) + ktavat suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate, the subject (Yudhiṣṭhira) is implied.

गाहमानः (gāhamānaḥ) - while entering (entering, plunging into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gāhamāna

gāhamāna - entering, plunging, bathing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root gāh (to plunge, enter) + śānac suffix

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Indicates simultaneous action (while he was entering).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

तत् (tat) - that (water) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as an adjective modifying 'toyam'.

तोयम् (toyam) - water (in the pool) (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of toya

toya - water

Note: Object of 'gāhamānaḥ'.

अन्तरिक्षात् (antarikṣāt) - from the sky (from the sky, from space)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - intervening space, sky, atmosphere

Note: Source from which the sound came.

स (sa) - he (Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'śuśruve'.

शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard (he heard, he was heard)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of śru

Perfect tense, middle voice, 3rd singular of root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)