महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-12

मा तात साहसं कार्षीर्मम पूर्वपरिग्रहः ।
प्रश्नानुक्त्वा तु कौन्तेय ततः पिब हरस्व च ॥१२॥

12. mā tāta sāhasaṁ kārṣīrmama pūrvaparigrahaḥ ,
praśnānuktvā tu kaunteya tataḥ piba harasva ca.

12. mā tāta sāhasam kārṣīḥ mama pūrvaparigrahaḥ
praśnān uktvā tu kaunteya tataḥ piba harasva ca

12. My dear son, do not act rashly. This water is under my prior claim. O son of Kunti, only after you have answered my questions may you then drink and take it.

Words meanings summery:

• मा (mā) - do not, not

• तात (tāta) - my dear child (addressing Yudhishthira respectfully) (dear, my child, father, respected sir)

• साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act, audacity, violence, daring deed

• कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - you should do, you might do

• मम (mama) - my, mine

• पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - prior possession, previously acquired, first claim

• प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken, having answered

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhishthira (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• पिब (piba) - drink

• हरस्व (harasva) - take, seize

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

मा (mā) - do not, not

(indeclinable)

Note: Prohibitive particle used with aorist (luṅ) or injunctive (luṅ-like forms).

तात (tāta) - my dear child (addressing Yudhishthira respectfully) (dear, my child, father, respected sir)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear, my child, father, respected sir

साहसम् (sāhasam) - rash act, audacity, violence, daring deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāhasa

sāhasa - rash act, audacity, violence, daring deed

कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - you should do, you might do

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, injunctive (aorist-like) (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist

Aorist, 2nd person singular, active voice (injunctive form used with mā for prohibition)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

मम (mama) - my, mine

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

पूर्वपरिग्रहः (pūrvaparigrahaḥ) - prior possession, previously acquired, first claim

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrvaparigraha

pūrvaparigraha - prior possession, previously acquired, first claim

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+parigraha)

• pūrva – prior, former, earlier
  adjective (masculine)
• parigraha – seizing, taking, possession, acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix pari- and root grah- (to seize)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Refers to the water.

प्रश्नान् (praśnān) - questions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of praśna

praśna - question, inquiry

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken, having answered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive from root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhishthira (son of Kunti) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti

Vṛddhi derivative from Kunti, indicating 'descendant of Kunti'

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

पिब (piba) - drink

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pā

Imperative

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: pā (class 1)

हरस्व (harasva) - take, seize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of hṛ

Imperative

Imperative, 2nd person singular, middle voice

Root: hṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)