महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-297, verse-51

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पुत्र आत्मा मनुष्यस्य भार्या दैवकृतः सखा ।
उपजीवनं च पर्जन्यो दानमस्य परायणम् ॥५१॥

51. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
putra ātmā manuṣyasya bhāryā daivakṛtaḥ sakhā ,
upajīvanaṁ ca parjanyo dānamasya parāyaṇam.

51. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca putraḥ ātmā manuṣyasya bhāryā daivakṛtaḥ
sakhā upajīvanam ca parjanyaḥ dānam asya parāyaṇam

51. Yudhiṣṭhira replied, "A son is the very soul (ātman) of a human being. A wife is the friend given by destiny. And rain is their means of sustenance. Charity (dāna) is their ultimate refuge."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle, a name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, child)

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the true self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence, ego)

• मनुष्यस्य (manuṣyasya) - of a human being (of a human being, of a man)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - a wife (wife, spouse)

• दैवकृतः (daivakṛtaḥ) - made by destiny, divinely appointed (made by the gods, done by destiny, divine)

• सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

• उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - means of livelihood, sustenance (livelihood, means of subsistence, living)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain (rain, rain cloud, god of rain (Indra or a specific deity))

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (referring to the person) (of him, of this, his)

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge (ultimate refuge, final resort, highest goal, supreme aim)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (steadfast in battle, a name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, a proper name

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect third person singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - a son (son, child)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, offspring

आत्मा (ātmā) - the true self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, essence, ego)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, breath, mind, ego

Root: an (class 2)

Note: The nominative singular form of ātman.

मनुष्यस्य (manuṣyasya) - of a human being (of a human being, of a man)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of manuṣya

manuṣya - human being, man, person

Derived from 'manu' (man, primal ancestor).

भार्या (bhāryā) - a wife (wife, spouse)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse, one to be supported

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (feminine)

From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) + suffix '-ya'. Feminine form.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: The nominative singular form.

दैवकृतः (daivakṛtaḥ) - made by destiny, divinely appointed (made by the gods, done by destiny, divine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daivakṛta

daivakṛta - made by the gods, done by fate/destiny, divine

Compound containing a past passive participle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daiva+kṛta)

• daiva – divine, relating to gods, destiny, fate
  noun (neuter)
  From 'deva' (god) with suffix '-a'.
• kṛta – made, done, created
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'sakhā'.

सखा (sakhā) - friend (friend, companion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion, comrade

Note: The nominative singular form of sakhi (i-stem masculine noun).

उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - means of livelihood, sustenance (livelihood, means of subsistence, living)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upajīvana

upajīvana - livelihood, means of subsistence, living, profession

action noun

From 'upa' + root 'jīv' (to live) + suffix '-ana'.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पर्जन्यः (parjanyaḥ) - rain (rain, rain cloud, god of rain (Indra or a specific deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parjanya

parjanya - rain cloud, rain, god of rain and thunder

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, giving, charity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, giving, charity, donation, generosity

action noun

From root 'dā' (to give), with suffix '-ana'.

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.

अस्य (asya) - of him (referring to the person) (of him, of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'manuṣya'.

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - ultimate refuge (ultimate refuge, final resort, highest goal, supreme aim)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - ultimate resort, final refuge, chief object, supreme aim, main stay

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayaṇa)

• para – supreme, highest, ultimate, other
  adjective (neuter)
• ayaṇa – going, course, path, resort, refuge
  noun (neuter)
  From 'i' (to go) + suffix 'ana'.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: This form can be nominative or accusative. Here, it is likely nominative.