महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-13, verse-43

तौ स राजा जरासंधः श्रुत्वाप्सु निधनं गतौ ।
स्वपुरं शूरसेनानां प्रययौ भरतर्षभ ॥४३॥

43. tau sa rājā jarāsaṁdhaḥ śrutvāpsu nidhanaṁ gatau ,
svapuraṁ śūrasenānāṁ prayayau bharatarṣabha.

43. tau saḥ rājā jarāsaṃdhaḥ śrutvā apsu nidhanam
gatau | svapuram śūrasenānām prayayau bharatarṣabha

43. O best of Bharatas, that king Jarāsaṃdha, having heard that those two (Haṃsa and Diṃbhaka) had died in the waters, returned to his own city, the city of the Śūrasenas.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - referring to Haṃsa and Diṃbhaka (those two, them two)

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• राजा (rājā) - king

• जरासंधः (jarāsaṁdhaḥ) - Jarāsaṃdha

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters, in the rivers

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction

• गतौ (gatau) - died (dual) (gone (dual), attained (dual))

• स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - his own city

• शूरसेनानाम् (śūrasenānām) - referring to the kingdom/people of the Śūrasenas (of the Śūrasenas)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, departed, returned

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost among Bharatas

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - referring to Haṃsa and Diṃbhaka (those two, them two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Functions as the subject of the implied clause 'those two died', to which 'śrutvā' refers.

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā Jarāsaṃdhaḥ'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

जरासंधः (jarāsaṁdhaḥ) - Jarāsaṃdha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jarāsaṃdha

jarāsaṁdha - Jarāsaṃdha (a powerful king in Hindu mythology, adversary of Krishna)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

Absolutive form of the verb 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

अप्सु (apsu) - in the waters, in the rivers

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters, river

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, end, loss

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

गतौ (gatau) - died (dual) (gone (dual), attained (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gam

gam - to go, move, attain

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the verb 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

स्वपुरम् (svapuram) - his own city

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapura

svapura - one's own city/town

Compound of 'sva' (own) and 'pura' (city).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+pura)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun
• pura – city, fortress, town
  noun (neuter)

शूरसेनानाम् (śūrasenānām) - referring to the kingdom/people of the Śūrasenas (of the Śūrasenas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śūrasena

śūrasena - Śūrasena (an ancient kingdom and people, associated with Mathura)

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went, departed, returned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (liṭ), third person singular, active voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas, O foremost among Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - foremost of the Bharatas, best among Bharatas (epithet)

Compound of 'bharata' (a descendant of Bharata) and 'ṛṣabha' (bull, chief, excellent).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata; an Indian, a warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used as an address to the listener.