महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-13, verse-31

श्रैष्ठ्यं प्राप्तः स तस्यासीदतीवापनयो महान् ।
भोजराजन्यवृद्धैस्तु पीड्यमानैर्दुरात्मना ॥३१॥

31. śraiṣṭhyaṁ prāptaḥ sa tasyāsīdatīvāpanayo mahān ,
bhojarājanyavṛddhaistu pīḍyamānairdurātmanā.

31. śraiṣṭhyam prāptaḥ sa tasya āsīt atīva apanayaḥ
mahān bhojarājanyavṛddhaiḥ tu pīḍyamānaiḥ durātmanā

31. Having attained supremacy, he became a very great source of misconduct for her. Indeed, he was a wicked person, tormenting the elders of the Bhoja and other royal families.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रैष्ठ्यम् (śraiṣṭhyam) - supremacy (supremacy, excellence, superiority)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained (attained, obtained, reached)

• स (sa) - he (Kaṃsa) (he, that)

• तस्य (tasya) - for her (referring to the queen/family) (of her, to her, for her)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (he/she/it was, existed)

• अतीव (atīva) - very (very much, exceedingly, extremely)

• अपनयः (apanayaḥ) - misconduct, ill-treatment (misconduct, transgression, removal, bad policy)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• भोजराजन्यवृद्धैः (bhojarājanyavṛddhaiḥ) - by the elders of the Bhoja and other royal families (by the elders of the Bhoja and other royal families/nobles)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

• पीड्यमानैः (pīḍyamānaiḥ) - being tormented (being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted)

• दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the wicked person (Kaṃsa) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked person)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रैष्ठ्यम् (śraiṣṭhyam) - supremacy (supremacy, excellence, superiority)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śraiṣṭhya

śraiṣṭhya - supremacy, excellence, superiority

Derived from śreṣṭha (most excellent).

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having attained (attained, obtained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root āp- (to obtain) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Kaṃsa).

स (sa) - he (Kaṃsa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaṃsa.

तस्य (tasya) - for her (referring to the queen/family) (of her, to her, for her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Asti/Prāpti or the royal family contextually implied.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he became (he/she/it was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect

Root as (class 2, P), imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular active.

Root: as (class 2)

अतीव (atīva) - very (very much, exceedingly, extremely)

(indeclinable)

अपनयः (apanayaḥ) - misconduct, ill-treatment (misconduct, transgression, removal, bad policy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apanaya

apanaya - misconduct, bad policy, removal, ill-treatment

From apa-nī (to lead away, to transgress).

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'apanayaḥ'.

भोजराजन्यवृद्धैः (bhojarājanyavṛddhaiḥ) - by the elders of the Bhoja and other royal families (by the elders of the Bhoja and other royal families/nobles)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhojarājanyavṛddha

bhojarājanyavṛddha - elders of the Bhoja and other royal families/nobles

Compound type : dvandva or tatpuruṣa (bhoja+rājanya+vṛddha)

• bhoja – name of a Yadava clan; king, ruler
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājanya – of a king, noble, Kshatriya
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from rājan (king).
• vṛddha – old, aged, elder, increased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root vṛdh (to grow).
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, however, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पीड्यमानैः (pīḍyamānaiḥ) - being tormented (being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle of root pīḍ- (to oppress, torment), with the suffix -yamāna.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'bhojarājanyavṛddhaiḥ'.

दुरात्मना (durātmanā) - by the wicked person (Kaṃsa) (by the evil-minded, by the wicked person)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, malicious person

Compound of dur- (bad) + ātman (self, soul).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Kaṃsa, acting as the agent of torment.