महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-13, verse-39

अथ हंस इति ख्यातः कश्चिदासीन्महान्नृपः ।
स चान्यैः सहितो राजन्संग्रामेऽष्टादशावरैः ॥३९॥

39. atha haṁsa iti khyātaḥ kaścidāsīnmahānnṛpaḥ ,
sa cānyaiḥ sahito rājansaṁgrāme'ṣṭādaśāvaraiḥ.

39. atha haṃsaḥ iti khyātaḥ kaścit āsīt mahān nṛpaḥ
saḥ ca anyaiḥ sahitaḥ rājan saṃgrāme aṣṭādaśāvaraiḥ

39. Now, there was a great king renowned as Haṃsa. He, O King, along with other (kings), with eighteen (allies) or fewer, in battle...

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

• हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - The king named Haṃsa (Haṃsa (proper name), swan, goose)

• इति (iti) - introduces the name 'Haṃsa' (thus, so)

• ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, known as

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - some, a certain, someone

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• सः (saḥ) - referring to King Haṃsa (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other kings (by others, with others)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, along with

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

• अष्टादशावरैः (aṣṭādaśāvaraiḥ) - by eighteen or fewer, with eighteen or fewer

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, moreover

(indeclinable)

हंसः (haṁsaḥ) - The king named Haṃsa (Haṃsa (proper name), swan, goose)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haṃsa

haṁsa - swan, goose; also a proper name

इति (iti) - introduces the name 'Haṃsa' (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

ख्यातः (khyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, known as

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khyāta

khyāta - known, famous, renowned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √khyā (to be known, to tell).

Root: khyā (class 2)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - some, a certain, someone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - some, a certain (indefinite pronoun)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

सः (saḥ) - referring to King Haṃsa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by other kings (by others, with others)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied, along with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, together with, connected with

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √sah (to endure, overcome) with prefix sa-.

Prefix: sa

Root: sah (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat

अष्टादशावरैः (aṣṭādaśāvaraiḥ) - by eighteen or fewer, with eighteen or fewer

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aṣṭādaśāvara

aṣṭādaśāvara - (accompanied by) eighteen or fewer (kings/people)

Compound type : tatpurusha (aṣṭādaśan+avara)

• aṣṭādaśan – eighteen
  numeral
• avara – fewer, less, inferior
  adjective (masculine)