महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-54

तेनैकं रथमास्थाय जैत्रं हेमविभूषितम् ।
शस्त्रप्रतापेन जिता द्वीपाः सप्त नरेश्वर ॥५४॥

54. tenaikaṁ rathamāsthāya jaitraṁ hemavibhūṣitam ,
śastrapratāpena jitā dvīpāḥ sapta nareśvara.

54. tena ekam ratham āsthāya jaitram hemavibhūṣitam
śastrapratāpena jitāḥ dvīpāḥ sapta nareśvara

54. O King (nara-īśvara), having mounted a single victorious chariot adorned with gold, he conquered the seven islands by the might of his weapons.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken resort to

• जैत्रम् (jaitram) - victorious, triumphant

• हेमविभूषितम् (hemavibhūṣitam) - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

• शस्त्रप्रतापेन (śastrapratāpena) - by the might of weapons, by the valor of arms

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

• द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king (vocative) (king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken resort to

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root '√sthā' with the prefix 'ā' and the suffix '-tvā' or '-ya' (when prefixed).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an absolutive, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

जैत्रम् (jaitram) - victorious, triumphant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaitra

jaitra - victorious, triumphant, conquering

Derived from 'jitra' (victory) or 'jayi' (victor).

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

हेमविभूषितम् (hemavibhūṣitam) - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemavibhūṣita

hemavibhūṣita - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

Compound type : Tatpurusha (heman+vibhūṣita)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the verb root √bhūṣ with the prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

शस्त्रप्रतापेन (śastrapratāpena) - by the might of weapons, by the valor of arms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śastrapratāpa

śastrapratāpa - might of weapons, valor of arms

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śastra+pratāpa)

• śastra – weapon, arm
  noun (neuter)
• pratāpa – might, power, valor, majesty
  noun (masculine)

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root '√ji' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpāḥ'.

द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Cardinal numeral, generally indeclinable when modifying plural nouns in the nominative/accusative.

नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king (vocative) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)