महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-54

तेनैकं रथमास्थाय जैत्रं हेमविभूषितम् ।
शस्त्रप्रतापेन जिता द्वीपाः सप्त नरेश्वर ॥५४॥

54. tenaikaṁ rathamāsthāya jaitraṁ hemavibhūṣitam ,
śastrapratāpena jitā dvīpāḥ sapta nareśvara.

54. tena ekam ratham āsthāya jaitram hemavibhūṣitam
śastrapratāpena jitāḥ dvīpāḥ sapta nareśvara

54. O King (nara-īśvara), having mounted a single victorious chariot adorned with gold, he conquered the seven islands by the might of his weapons.

54. הו שליט בני האדם, הוא עלה על מרכבה אחת מנצחת ומקושטת בזהב, ובעוצמת כלי נשקו כבש את שבע היבשות.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken resort to

• जैत्रम् (jaitram) - victorious, triumphant

• हेमविभूषितम् (hemavibhūṣitam) - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

• शस्त्रप्रतापेन (śastrapratāpena) - by the might of weapons, by the valor of arms

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

• द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king (vocative) (king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एकम् (ekam) - one, a single

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken resort to

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root '√sthā' with the prefix 'ā' and the suffix '-tvā' or '-ya' (when prefixed).

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as an absolutive, indicating an action completed before the main verb.

जैत्रम् (jaitram) - victorious, triumphant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaitra

jaitra - victorious, triumphant, conquering

Derived from 'jitra' (victory) or 'jayi' (victor).

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

हेमविभूषितम् (hemavibhūṣitam) - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemavibhūṣita

hemavibhūṣita - decorated with gold, adorned with gold

Compound type : Tatpurusha (heman+vibhūṣita)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the verb root √bhūṣ with the prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'ratham'.

शस्त्रप्रतापेन (śastrapratāpena) - by the might of weapons, by the valor of arms

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śastrapratāpa

śastrapratāpa - might of weapons, valor of arms

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śastra+pratāpa)

• śastra – weapon, arm
  noun (neuter)
• pratāpa – might, power, valor, majesty
  noun (masculine)

जिताः (jitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, subdued

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root '√ji' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dvīpāḥ'.

द्वीपाः (dvīpāḥ) - islands

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvīpa

dvīpa - island, continent

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Cardinal numeral, generally indeclinable when modifying plural nouns in the nominative/accusative.

नरेश्वर (nareśvara) - O king (vocative) (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

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