महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-16

शब्दः स्पर्शस्तथा रूपं रसो गन्धश्च भारत ।
प्रकृतिश्च विकारश्च यच्चान्यत्कारणं भुवः ॥१६॥

16. śabdaḥ sparśastathā rūpaṁ raso gandhaśca bhārata ,
prakṛtiśca vikāraśca yaccānyatkāraṇaṁ bhuvaḥ.

16. śabdaḥ sparśaḥ tathā rūpam rasaḥ gandhaḥ ca bhārata
prakṛtiḥ ca vikāraḥ ca yat ca anyat kāraṇam bhuvaḥ

16. O Bhārata, sound, touch, form, taste, and smell, along with primordial nature (prakṛti) and its modifications, and whatever other causes of the earth (bhū) there may be.

Words meanings summery:

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound (sense object) (sound, word, voice, noise)

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch (sense object) (touch, contact, tactile sensation)

• तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, also, and, similarly)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form (sense object), visible aspect (form, shape, appearance, beauty, sight, color)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (sense object) (taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion, sentiment)

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell (sense object) (smell, fragrance, odor)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (an epithet for Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

• प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - primordial nature (prakṛti) (nature, primordial matter, original form, constitution)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• विकारः (vikāraḥ) - modifications (of prakṛti) (modification, change, transformation, product, abnormality)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other (other, another)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - causes (cause, reason, instrument, motive)

• भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - of the earth (bhū) (of the earth, of existence, of place)

Words meanings and morphology

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound (sense object) (sound, word, voice, noise)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, noise, voice

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch (sense object) (touch, contact, tactile sensation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch

From the root spṛś (to touch)

Root: spṛś (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - and (thus, so, also, and, similarly)

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form (sense object), visible aspect (form, shape, appearance, beauty, sight, color)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, image, beauty, nature, visible property

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (sense object) (taste, flavor, essence, juice, emotion, sentiment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - juice, liquid, taste, flavor, essence, relish, emotion, aesthetic sentiment

From the root ras (to taste, to roar)

Root: ras (class 1)

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell (sense object) (smell, fragrance, odor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance, perfume

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O descendant of Bharata (an epithet for Arjuna or Dhṛtarāṣṭra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Derived from Bharata

प्रकृतिः (prakṛtiḥ) - primordial nature (prakṛti) (nature, primordial matter, original form, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prakṛti

prakṛti - primordial nature, fundamental constitution, original form, source, material cause, the female principle

From pra- + kṛ (to make), literally 'making forth, producing'

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

विकारः (vikāraḥ) - modifications (of prakṛti) (modification, change, transformation, product, abnormality)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikāra

vikāra - change, alteration, modification, transformation, product, disorder

From vi- + kṛ (to make), meaning 'changing the form'

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yad - which, what, that which, whoever

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अन्यत् (anyat) - other (other, another)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - causes (cause, reason, instrument, motive)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument, means, origin

From the root kṛ (to make) with suffix -ana

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भुवः (bhuvaḥ) - of the earth (bhū) (of the earth, of existence, of place)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground, place, existence, being

From the root bhū (to be, to become)

Root: bhū (class 1)