महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-28

संवत्सराः पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राश्चतुर्विधाः ।
कालचक्रं च यद्दिव्यं नित्यमक्षयमव्ययम् ॥२८॥

28. saṁvatsarāḥ pañcayugamahorātrāścaturvidhāḥ ,
kālacakraṁ ca yaddivyaṁ nityamakṣayamavyayam.

28. saṃvatsarāḥ pañcayugamahorātrāḥ caturvidhāḥ
kālacakram ca yat divyam nityam akṣayam avyayam

28. The years, and the four kinds of days and nights that constitute a five-year yuga, and that divine wheel of time (kālacakra) which is eternal, undecaying, and imperishable.

28. (וכן) השנים, מחזור של חמש שנים, ימים ולילות בארבעה סוגים, וגלגל הזמן האלוהי, נצחי, בלתי נכחד ובלתי משתנה.

Words meanings summery:

• संवत्सराः (saṁvatsarāḥ) - years

• पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राः (pañcayugamahorātrāḥ) - days and nights of a five-year yuga

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, quadruple

• कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - the wheel of time

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - which

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - undecaying, inexhaustible

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

Words meanings and morphology

संवत्सराः (saṁvatsarāḥ) - years

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - a year

पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राः (pañcayugamahorātrāḥ) - days and nights of a five-year yuga

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcayugamahorātra

pañcayugamahorātra - days and nights related to a five-year yuga

Compound type : dvandva (pañcayuga+ahorātra)

• pañcayuga – a five-year cycle (yuga)
  noun (masculine)
• ahorātra – day and night
  noun (neuter)
  compound of ahan (day) and rātri (night)

Note: The 'maho' in Devanagari 'mahorātrāḥ' is interpreted as 'aho' (from ahan + rātri) indicating day and night, forming part of a compound referring to time units within a five-year yuga. Assumes masculine plural to agree with 'caturvidhāḥ'.

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, quadruple

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold, quadruple

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'pañcayugamahorātrāḥ'.

कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - the wheel of time

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālacakra

kālacakra - the wheel of time, the cycle of ages

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+cakra)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disk, cycle
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, perpetual, constant, regular

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - undecaying, inexhaustible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - undecaying, imperishable, inexhaustible

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, indeclinable

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyay (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

Previous Verse Next Verse