महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-28

संवत्सराः पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राश्चतुर्विधाः ।
कालचक्रं च यद्दिव्यं नित्यमक्षयमव्ययम् ॥२८॥

28. saṁvatsarāḥ pañcayugamahorātrāścaturvidhāḥ ,
kālacakraṁ ca yaddivyaṁ nityamakṣayamavyayam.

28. saṃvatsarāḥ pañcayugamahorātrāḥ caturvidhāḥ
kālacakram ca yat divyam nityam akṣayam avyayam

28. The years, and the four kinds of days and nights that constitute a five-year yuga, and that divine wheel of time (kālacakra) which is eternal, undecaying, and imperishable.

Words meanings summery:

• संवत्सराः (saṁvatsarāḥ) - years

• पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राः (pañcayugamahorātrāḥ) - days and nights of a five-year yuga

• चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, quadruple

• कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - the wheel of time

• च (ca) - and

• यत् (yat) - which

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant

• अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - undecaying, inexhaustible

• अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

Words meanings and morphology

संवत्सराः (saṁvatsarāḥ) - years

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - a year

पञ्चयुगमहोरात्राः (pañcayugamahorātrāḥ) - days and nights of a five-year yuga

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcayugamahorātra

pañcayugamahorātra - days and nights related to a five-year yuga

Compound type : dvandva (pañcayuga+ahorātra)

• pañcayuga – a five-year cycle (yuga)
  noun (masculine)
• ahorātra – day and night
  noun (neuter)
  compound of ahan (day) and rātri (night)

Note: The 'maho' in Devanagari 'mahorātrāḥ' is interpreted as 'aho' (from ahan + rātri) indicating day and night, forming part of a compound referring to time units within a five-year yuga. Assumes masculine plural to agree with 'caturvidhāḥ'.

चतुर्विधाः (caturvidhāḥ) - of four kinds, quadruple

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of caturvidha

caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold, quadruple

Compound type : bahuvrihi (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'pañcayugamahorātrāḥ'.

कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - the wheel of time

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālacakra

kālacakra - the wheel of time, the cycle of ages

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+cakra)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disk, cycle
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, celestial

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, celestial, heavenly

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal, constant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, perpetual, constant, regular

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

अक्षयम् (akṣayam) - undecaying, inexhaustible

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akṣaya

akṣaya - undecaying, imperishable, inexhaustible

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+kṣaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kṣaya – decay, destruction, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.

अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, indeclinable

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vyaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyay (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kālacakram'.