महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-49

किं कर्म तेनाचरितं तपो वा नियतव्रतम् ।
येनासौ सह शक्रेण स्पर्धते स्म महायशाः ॥४९॥

49. kiṁ karma tenācaritaṁ tapo vā niyatavratam ,
yenāsau saha śakreṇa spardhate sma mahāyaśāḥ.

49. kim karma tena ācaritam tapaḥ vā niyatavratam
yena asau saha śakreṇa spardhate sma mahāyaśāḥ

49. What action (karma) or austerity (tapas) with fixed vows did he perform, by which that greatly renowned one could rival Indra?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which, why

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work (karma)

• तेन (tena) - by Hariścandra (by him, by that)

• आचरितम् (ācaritam) - performed, practiced, observed

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (tapas)

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• नियतव्रतम् (niyatavratam) - with fixed vows, disciplined observance

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• असौ (asau) - Hariścandra (this one, he)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - with Indra

• स्पर्धते (spardhate) - he rivals, contends, competes

• स्म (sma) - used to (indicates past tense when affixed to present tense verb)

• महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Hariścandra, the greatly renowned one (greatly renowned, highly famous)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which, why

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तेन (tena) - by Hariścandra (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

आचरितम् (ācaritam) - performed, practiced, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ācarita

ācarita - performed, practiced, observed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √car (to move, act) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (tapas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat (tapas)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

नियतव्रतम् (niyatavratam) - with fixed vows, disciplined observance

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyatavrata

niyatavrata - one whose vows are fixed, having disciplined observances

Compound type : bahuvrihi (niyata+vrata)

• niyata – fixed, restrained, disciplined
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √yam (to restrain) with prefix ni-
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

असौ (asau) - Hariścandra (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - this, that, he, she, it (referring to something distant or implied)

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - with Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (epithet meaning 'mighty')

स्पर्धते (spardhate) - he rivals, contends, competes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of spardh

Root verb, Atmanepada

Root: spardh (class 1)

स्म (sma) - used to (indicates past tense when affixed to present tense verb)

(indeclinable)

महायशाः (mahāyaśāḥ) - Hariścandra, the greatly renowned one (greatly renowned, highly famous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāyaśas

mahāyaśas - greatly renowned, highly famous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+yaśas)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• yaśas – fame, glory, reputation
  noun (neuter)