महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-39

तथा तैरुपयातैश्च प्रतियातैश्च भारत ।
आकुला सा सभा तात भवति स्म सुखप्रदा ॥३९॥

39. tathā tairupayātaiśca pratiyātaiśca bhārata ,
ākulā sā sabhā tāta bhavati sma sukhapradā.

39. tathā taiḥ upayātaiḥ ca pratiyātaiḥ ca bhārata
ākulā sā sabhā tāta bhavati sma sukhapradā

39. Thus, O Bhārata (bhārata), O dear one (tāta), that assembly (sabhā) was bustling (ākulā) with those arriving (upayāta) and those departing (pratiyāta), and it was indeed comfort-giving (sukhapradā).

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

• तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the people (sages, kings, etc.). (by them)

• उपयातैः (upayātaiḥ) - Refers to the attendees of the assembly. (by those who had arrived, by those who had approached)

• च (ca) - and

• प्रतियातैः (pratiyātaiḥ) - Refers to the attendees leaving the assembly. (by those who had returned, by those who had departed)

• च (ca) - and

• भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

• आकुला (ākulā) - Describing the assembly hall. (crowded, bustling, full, agitated)

• सा (sā) - Refers to the assembly (sabhā). (that)

• सभा (sabhā) - The assembly hall being described. (assembly, hall, council)

• तात (tāta) - A term of endearment, here addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O dear one, O father, O son)

• भवति (bhavati) - Used with 'sma' to indicate past tense: 'was'. (becomes, is)

• स्म (sma) - When used with a present tense verb, it converts the meaning to past tense (e.g., 'bhavati sma' = 'was'). (particle indicating past tense)

• सुखप्रदा (sukhapradā) - Describing the quality of the assembly hall. (comfort-giving, pleasure-giving, auspicious)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, in that manner, so

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - Refers to the people (sages, kings, etc.). (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

उपयातैः (upayātaiḥ) - Refers to the attendees of the assembly. (by those who had arrived, by those who had approached)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upayāta

upayāta - arrived, approached, come near

Past Passive Participle

From root I (to go) with prefix UPA, participle form.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions as a substantive here (those who had arrived).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

प्रतियातैः (pratiyātaiḥ) - Refers to the attendees leaving the assembly. (by those who had returned, by those who had departed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pratiyāta

pratiyāta - returned, departed, gone back

Past Passive Participle

From root YĀ (to go) with prefix PRATI, participle form.

Prefix: prati

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Functions as a substantive here (those who had departed).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O descendant of Bharata, O Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, a king of the Bharata lineage

आकुला (ākulā) - Describing the assembly hall. (crowded, bustling, full, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ākula

ākula - crowded, agitated, full, bustling

From root KUL (to gather, heap) with prefix Ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'sabhā'.

सा (sā) - Refers to the assembly (sabhā). (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that

Feminine nominative singular of 'tad'.

सभा (sabhā) - The assembly hall being described. (assembly, hall, council)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, hall, council, gathering

तात (tāta) - A term of endearment, here addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O dear one, O father, O son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son, sire

भवति (bhavati) - Used with 'sma' to indicate past tense: 'was'. (becomes, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active 3rd singular

From root BHŪ (to be, become), 1st class verb.

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्म (sma) - When used with a present tense verb, it converts the meaning to past tense (e.g., 'bhavati sma' = 'was'). (particle indicating past tense)

(indeclinable)

सुखप्रदा (sukhapradā) - Describing the quality of the assembly hall. (comfort-giving, pleasure-giving, auspicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sukhaprada

sukhaprada - comfort-giving, pleasure-giving, auspicious

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+prada)

• sukha – happiness, comfort, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• prada – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root DĀ (to give) with prefix PRA.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Adjective agreeing with 'sabhā'.