महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-11, verse-53

स राजा बलवानासीत्सम्राट्सर्वमहीक्षिताम् ।
तस्य सर्वे महीपालाः शासनावनताः स्थिताः ॥५३॥

53. sa rājā balavānāsītsamrāṭsarvamahīkṣitām ,
tasya sarve mahīpālāḥ śāsanāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ.

53. sa rājā balavān āsīt samrāṭ sarvamahīkṣitām
tasya sarve mahīpālāḥ śāsanāvanatāḥ sthitāḥ

53. That king was powerful, an emperor among all earth-rulers. All the kings were subservient to his command.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• राजा (rājā) - king

• बलवान् (balavān) - powerful, strong

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

• सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor, sovereign

• सर्वमहीक्षिताम् (sarvamahīkṣitām) - of all earth-rulers/kings

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• सर्वे (sarve) - all

• महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - earth-protectors, kings

• शासनावनताः (śāsanāvanatāḥ) - bowed down to command, subservient to command

• स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood, remained, were

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बलवान् (balavān) - powerful, strong

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty

Possessive suffix 'matup' with 'bala' (strength).

Note: Predicate adjective for 'rājā'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular imperfect active of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

सम्राट् (samrāṭ) - emperor, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samrāj

samrāj - emperor, supreme ruler

Note: Predicate noun for 'rājā'.

सर्वमहीक्षिताम् (sarvamahīkṣitām) - of all earth-rulers/kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarvamahīkṣit

sarvamahīkṣit - ruler of all the earth, universal monarch

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+mahīkṣit)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun (masculine)
• mahīkṣit – king, ruler of the earth
  noun (masculine)
  From 'mahī' (earth) and root 'kṣi' (to rule).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वे (sarve) - all

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Modifies 'mahīpālāḥ'.

महीपालाः (mahīpālāḥ) - earth-protectors, kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīpāla

mahīpāla - protector of the earth, king

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (mahī+pāla)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pāl' (to protect).
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'sthitāḥ'.

शासनावनताः (śāsanāvanatāḥ) - bowed down to command, subservient to command

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śāsanāvanata

śāsanāvanata - bowed down by command, obedient to rule

Compound containing a Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'śāsana' (command) and 'avanata' (bowed down, from root 'nam' with 'ava').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śāsana+avanata)

• śāsana – command, rule, instruction
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śās' (to command, instruct).
  Root: śās (class 2)
• avanata – bowed down, bent, humble
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'nam' (to bow) with upasarga 'ava' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: nam (class 1)

स्थिताः (sthitāḥ) - stood, remained, were

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sthita

sthita - stood, remained, existed, established

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb indicating a state of being.