महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-85, verse-13

तमसस्तामसा भावा व्यापि सत्त्वं तथोभयम् ।
सगुणस्तेजसो नित्यं तमस्याकाशमेव च ॥१३॥

13. tamasastāmasā bhāvā vyāpi sattvaṁ tathobhayam ,
saguṇastejaso nityaṁ tamasyākāśameva ca.

13. tamasaḥ tāmasāḥ bhāvāḥ vyāpi sattvam tathā ubhayam
saguṇaḥ tejasaḥ nityam tamasi ākāśam eva ca

13. tamasaḥ tāmasāḥ bhāvāḥ tathā vyāpi sattvam ubhayam
tejasaḥ saguṇaḥ nityam ca eva ākāśam tamasi

13. From darkness (tamas) arise the tamasic dispositions; pervasive is the quality of goodness (sattva), and both (of these). The qualified (saguṇa) is eternally from brilliance (tejas), and indeed, space (ākāśa) exists in darkness (tamas).

Words meanings summery:

• तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from the quality of darkness (tamas) (from darkness, of darkness, from the quality of inertia (tamas))

• तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic (dispositions) (tamasic, relating to tamas, dark, ignorant)

• भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states, dispositions, natures, existences

• व्यापि (vyāpi) - pervasive (goodness) (pervasive, extensive, all-pervading)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, true being, one of the three guṇas)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, also

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (sattva and tamas) (both, of two kinds)

• सगुणः (saguṇaḥ) - that which is endowed with qualities (endowed with qualities, qualified)

• तेजसः (tejasaḥ) - from (the quality of) brilliance (tejas) (from brilliance, from light, from energy)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, eternally, constantly

• तमसि (tamasi) - in the quality of darkness (tamas) (in darkness, in ignorance, in the quality of inertia (tamas))

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - space, ether, sky

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from the quality of darkness (tamas) (from darkness, of darkness, from the quality of inertia (tamas))

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Also genitive. Ablative makes more sense here ('from tamas').

तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic (dispositions) (tamasic, relating to tamas, dark, ignorant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa

tāmasa - relating to tamas, dark, ignorant, passive

Derived from 'tamas' with 'aṇ' suffix.

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'bhāvāḥ'.

भावाः (bhāvāḥ) - states, dispositions, natures, existences

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - state of being, existence, disposition, nature, emotion

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

व्यापि (vyāpi) - pervasive (goodness) (pervasive, extensive, all-pervading)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyāpin

vyāpin - pervasive, extensive, all-pervading

Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'sattvam'.

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, existence, true being, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, existence, reality, essence, living being, one of the three guṇas

Root: as (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and, also

(indeclinable)

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both (sattva and tamas) (both, of two kinds)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, two, of two kinds

सगुणः (saguṇaḥ) - that which is endowed with qualities (endowed with qualities, qualified)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saguṇa

saguṇa - endowed with qualities, having attributes, qualified

Compound of 'sa' (with) and 'guṇa' (quality).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+guṇa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature (sattva, rajas, tamas)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to something or someone possessing the 'guṇas'.

तेजसः (tejasaḥ) - from (the quality of) brilliance (tejas) (from brilliance, from light, from energy)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, light, energy, fire, vital power, one of the fundamental elements (though not a guṇa itself, closely related to rajas)

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Also genitive. Ablative implies origin.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, eternally, constantly

(indeclinable)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Used as an adverb.

तमसि (tamasi) - in the quality of darkness (tamas) (in darkness, in ignorance, in the quality of inertia (tamas))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

Root: tam (class 4)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - space, ether, sky

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - space, ether, sky, atmosphere

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)