महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-38

तदात्वेनायतीभिश्च विवदन्भूम्यनन्तरम् ।
प्रतीघातः परस्याजौ मित्रकालेऽप्युपस्थिते ॥३८॥

38. tadātvenāyatībhiśca vivadanbhūmyanantaram ,
pratīghātaḥ parasyājau mitrakāle'pyupasthite.

38. tadātvena āyatībhiḥ ca vivadan bhūmyanantaram
pratīghātaḥ parasya ājau mitrakāle api upasthite

38. tadātvena āyatībhiḥ ca bhūmyanantaram vivadan
api mitrakāle upasthite ājau parasya pratīghātaḥ

38. Even when a time for forming alliances has arrived, a counter-attack against the enemy is still necessary in battle, especially when one is disputing over neighboring territory, considering both present circumstances and future implications.

Words meanings summery:

• तदात्वेन (tadātvena) - considering the present circumstances (by the present state, by the immediate circumstances)

• आयतीभिः (āyatībhiḥ) - considering future implications (by future prospects, by future events)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विवदन् (vivadan) - when one is disputing (the king) (disputing, arguing, quarreling)

• भूम्यनन्तरम् (bhūmyanantaram) - over neighboring territory (neighboring territory, immediately adjacent land)

• प्रतीघातः (pratīghātaḥ) - a counter-attack (counter-blow, defense, repulsion)

• परस्य (parasya) - against the enemy (of the enemy, of the other)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• मित्रकाले (mitrakāle) - even when a time for friendship has arrived (in the time of a friend, at a friendly time)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• उपस्थिते (upasthite) - (when it) has arrived, is present (having arrived, present, imminent)

Words meanings and morphology

तदात्वेन (tadātvena) - considering the present circumstances (by the present state, by the immediate circumstances)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tadātva

tadātva - the present state, immediate circumstances, contemporariness

From tadā (then) + tva (suffix forming abstract noun). Refers to 'being in that state at that time.'

Note: Refers to the 'by means of' the present situation.

आयतीभिः (āyatībhiḥ) - considering future implications (by future prospects, by future events)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of āyati

āyati - future, future time, consequence, outcome, future prospect

verbal noun

From ā-√yam (to approach, extend).

Prefix: ā

Root: yam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विवदन् (vivadan) - when one is disputing (the king) (disputing, arguing, quarreling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vad

vad - to speak, to say, to dispute, to contend

present active participle

Present active participle, masculine singular nominative, from root √vad with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Participles are adjectives, not verbs.

भूम्यनन्तरम् (bhūmyanantaram) - over neighboring territory (neighboring territory, immediately adjacent land)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhūmyanantara

bhūmyanantara - contiguous land, neighboring territory, land immediately next

Compound of bhūmi (land) and anantara (without interval, immediate, next). Internal sandhi ī + a = ya is maintained.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhūmi+anantara)

• bhūmi – earth, land, ground, territory
  noun (feminine)
• anantara – having no interval, immediate, next, adjoining
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + antara (interval, space).

Note: It functions as an adverbial accusative or direct object of 'vivadan'.

प्रतीघातः (pratīghātaḥ) - a counter-attack (counter-blow, defense, repulsion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratīghāta

pratīghāta - striking back, counter-attack, repulsion, resistance, defense

verbal noun

From root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix prati- and ā-.

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The main subject or topic of the clause (implied 'is necessary').

परस्य (parasya) - against the enemy (of the enemy, of the other)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, different, enemy, stranger, supreme

Pronominal adjective, masculine singular genitive.

Note: Expresses the object of 'pratīghātaḥ'.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, fight, conflict, race

verbal noun

From root √aj (to drive, cast) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: aj (class 1)

मित्रकाले (mitrakāle) - even when a time for friendship has arrived (in the time of a friend, at a friendly time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrakāla

mitrakāla - time of a friend, time for friendship/alliance

Compound of mitra (friend, alliance) and kāla (time).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mitra+kāla)

• mitra – friend, ally, sun (as deity), friendship, alliance
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

उपस्थिते (upasthite) - (when it) has arrived, is present (having arrived, present, imminent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthā

sthā - to stand, to be present, to appear, to occur

past passive participle

Past passive participle, masculine singular locative, from root √sthā with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)