महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-14

यदा तु हीनं नृपतिर्विद्यादात्मानमात्मना ।
अमात्यैः सह संमन्त्र्य कुर्यात्संधिं बलीयसा ॥१४॥

14. yadā tu hīnaṁ nṛpatirvidyādātmānamātmanā ,
amātyaiḥ saha saṁmantrya kuryātsaṁdhiṁ balīyasā.

14. yadā tu hīnam nṛpatiḥ vidyāt ātmānam ātmanā
amātyaiḥ saha saṁmantrya kuryāt sandhim balīyasā

14. yadā tu nṛpatiḥ ātmanā ātmānam hīnam vidyāt,
(tadā) amātyaiḥ saha saṁmantrya,
balīyasā sandhim kuryāt.

14. But when a king perceives himself to be inferior (hīnam) by his own judgment, he should, after consulting with his ministers, form a treaty (sandhim) with a more powerful (king).

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• हीनम् (hīnam) - inferior, weak, deficient

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, ruler

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should know, should recognize, should perceive

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - The king himself. (himself, soul, self)

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - By his own judgment or assessment. (by himself, by the self, by one's own means)

• अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - with ministers, by ministers

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• संमन्त्र्य (saṁmantrya) - having deliberated, having consulted, after consultation

• कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should make, he should do

• सन्धिम् (sandhim) - Refers to a peace treaty with another king. (treaty, peace, union, connection)

• बलीयसा (balīyasā) - With a more powerful king. (with a stronger, with a more powerful)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

हीनम् (hīnam) - inferior, weak, deficient

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - left, abandoned, deficient, weak, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From √hā (to abandon, leave) + kta suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - the king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - should know, should recognize, should perceive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Optative Mood

From root √vid, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - The king himself. (himself, soul, self)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Root: an

Note: Object of vidyāt.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - By his own judgment or assessment. (by himself, by the self, by one's own means)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Root: an

Note: Denotes the agent of perception.

अमात्यैः (amātyaiḥ) - with ministers, by ministers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, companion, intimate

From amā (at home, together) + tyap suffix.

Note: Used with saha.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Preposition/adverb.

संमन्त्र्य (saṁmantrya) - having deliberated, having consulted, after consultation

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From sam-√mantr (to consult, deliberate) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: mantr (class 10)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'kuryāt'.

कुर्यात् (kuryāt) - he should make, he should do

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of kṛ

Optative Mood

From root √kṛ, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सन्धिम् (sandhim) - Refers to a peace treaty with another king. (treaty, peace, union, connection)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sandhi

sandhi - union, connection, junction, treaty, peace

From sam-√dhā (to place together).

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of kuryāt.

बलीयसा (balīyasā) - With a more powerful king. (with a stronger, with a more powerful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful

Comparative Adjective

Comparative degree of balin (strong) or bala (strength).

Note: Takes instrumental case due to implied 'saha' or 'cooperation'.