महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-37

नदीषु मार्गेषु सदा संक्रमानवसादयेत् ।
जलं निस्रावयेत्सर्वमनिस्राव्यं च दूषयेत् ॥३७॥

37. nadīṣu mārgeṣu sadā saṁkramānavasādayet ,
jalaṁ nisrāvayetsarvamanisrāvyaṁ ca dūṣayet.

37. nadīṣu mārgeṣu sadā saṃkramān avasādayet
jalam nisrāvayet sarvam anisrāvyam ca dūṣayet

37. sadā nadīṣu mārgeṣu saṃkramān avasādayet
sarvam jalam nisrāvayet ca anisrāvyam dūṣayet

37. He should always destroy bridges on rivers and roads. He should drain all available water, and contaminate any water that cannot be drained.

Words meanings summery:

• नदीषु (nadīṣu) - in the rivers (in rivers)

• मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the roads (on roads, in paths)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• संक्रमान् (saṁkramān) - bridges (bridges, passages, transitions)

• अवसादयेत् (avasādayet) - he (the king) should destroy (the bridges) (he should destroy, he should cause to sink, he should pull down)

• जलम् (jalam) - the water (water)

• निस्रावयेत् (nisrāvayet) - he (the king) should drain (the water) (he should cause to flow out, he should drain)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the water) (all, whole)

• अनिस्राव्यम् (anisrāvyam) - any (water) that cannot be drained (that which cannot be made to flow out, non-drainable)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• दूषयेत् (dūṣayet) - he (the king) should contaminate (the water) (he should spoil, he should corrupt, he should contaminate)

Words meanings and morphology

नदीषु (nadīṣu) - in the rivers (in rivers)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of nadī

nadī - river

मार्गेषु (mārgeṣu) - on the roads (on roads, in paths)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of mārga

mārga - road, path, way, track

Root: mṛg

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

संक्रमान् (saṁkramān) - bridges (bridges, passages, transitions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of saṃkrama

saṁkrama - going over, passing, bridge, passage, transition

verbal noun

Derived from root √kram (to step, go) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: kram (class 1)

अवसादयेत् (avasādayet) - he (the king) should destroy (the bridges) (he should destroy, he should cause to sink, he should pull down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sad

causative, optative mood, parasmaipada

3rd person singular, optative active of the causative form of √sad with prefix ava-. Causative stem is sādaya. 'Ava-sādayati' means to sink, to humble, to destroy.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

जलम् (jalam) - the water (water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

निस्रावयेत् (nisrāvayet) - he (the king) should drain (the water) (he should cause to flow out, he should drain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of sru

causative, optative mood, parasmaipada

3rd person singular, optative active of the causative form of √sru with prefix ni-. Causative stem is srāvaya. 'Ni-srāvayati' means to cause to flow out, to drain.

Prefix: ni

Root: sru (class 1)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (the water) (all, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Pronominal adjective, neuter singular accusative.

अनिस्राव्यम् (anisrāvyam) - any (water) that cannot be drained (that which cannot be made to flow out, non-drainable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anisrāvya

anisrāvya - not to be caused to flow out, not drainable, that which cannot be drained

gerundive (causative)

Negative prefix 'a-' + gerundive of causative of √sru with prefix ni-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+nisrāvya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• nisrāvya – to be drained, drainable
  gerundive (neuter)
  Gerundive (Causative)
  Gerundive (potential passive participle) from causative of √sru with ni-.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sru (class 1)

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying implied 'water'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

दूषयेत् (dūṣayet) - he (the king) should contaminate (the water) (he should spoil, he should corrupt, he should contaminate)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of duṣ

causative, optative mood, parasmaipada

3rd person singular, optative active of the causative form of √duṣ. Causative stem is dūṣaya.

Root: duṣ (class 4)