महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
पार्थिवेन विशेषेण किं कार्यमवशिष्यते ।
कथं रक्ष्यो जनपदः कथं रक्ष्याश्च शत्रवः ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
pārthivena viśeṣeṇa kiṁ kāryamavaśiṣyate ,
kathaṁ rakṣyo janapadaḥ kathaṁ rakṣyāśca śatravaḥ.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pārthivena viśeṣeṇa kim kāryam avaśiṣyate
katham rakṣyaḥ janapadaḥ katham rakṣyāḥ ca śatravaḥ

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pārthivena viśeṣeṇa kim kāryam avaśiṣyate?
katham janapadaḥ rakṣyaḥ? ca katham śatravaḥ rakṣyāḥ?

1. Yudhishthira asked: What duty, in particular, remains for a king? How should the populace (janapada) be protected? And how should enemies be kept in check?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by the king (by the king, by the earthly one)

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - in particular (particularly, especially, by distinction)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty (duty, action, to be done)

• अवशिष्यते (avaśiṣyate) - remains (remains, is left over)

• कथम् (katham) - how

• रक्ष्यः (rakṣyaḥ) - should be protected (to be protected, to be guarded)

• जनपदः (janapadaḥ) - the populace/country (janapada) (country, realm, populace, community)

• कथम् (katham) - how

• रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be kept in check / guarded (to be protected, to be guarded (plural))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies (enemies, adversaries)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (lit. 'steady in battle', name of the eldest Pandava brother)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by the king (by the king, by the earthly one)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, earthly, sovereign

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Agent of the passive kāryam avaśiṣyate.

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - in particular (particularly, especially, by distinction)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, particularity, special feature

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Note: Refers to kāryam.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - duty (duty, action, to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - duty, action, business, to be done

Gerundive

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of avaśiṣyate.

अवशिष्यते (avaśiṣyate) - remains (remains, is left over)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of ava-śiṣ

Derived from prefix ava- + √śiṣ (to leave)

Prefix: ava

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: The root √śiṣ is 7th class, śyAn substitute.

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

रक्ष्यः (rakṣyaḥ) - should be protected (to be protected, to be guarded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣya

rakṣya - to be protected, to be guarded, protection-worthy

Gerundive

Derived from root √rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively.

जनपदः (janapadaḥ) - the populace/country (janapada) (country, realm, populace, community)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - country, realm, populace, community, the people of a country

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, community
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, country
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of implied 'should be'.

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

रक्ष्याः (rakṣyāḥ) - should be kept in check / guarded (to be protected, to be guarded (plural))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣya

rakṣya - to be protected, to be guarded, protection-worthy

Gerundive

Derived from root √rakṣ (to protect)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies (enemies, adversaries)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Subject of implied 'should be'.