महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-2

कथं चारं प्रयुञ्जीत वर्णान्विश्वासयेत्कथम् ।
कथं भृत्यान्कथं दारान्कथं पुत्रांश्च भारत ॥२॥

2. kathaṁ cāraṁ prayuñjīta varṇānviśvāsayetkatham ,
kathaṁ bhṛtyānkathaṁ dārānkathaṁ putrāṁśca bhārata.

2. katham cāram prayuñjīta varṇān viśvāsayet katham
katham bhṛtyān katham dārān katham putrān ca bhārata

2. bhārata katham cāram prayuñjīta? katham varṇān viśvāsayet?
katham bhṛtyān? katham dārān? ca katham putrān?

2. How should one employ spies? How should one gain the trust of the social classes (varṇas)? How should one deal with servants, how with wives, and how with sons, O Bhārata?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how

• चारम् (cāram) - spy (spy, secret agent, movement)

• प्रयुञ्जीत (prayuñjīta) - should employ (should employ, should apply, should use)

• वर्णान् (varṇān) - the social classes (varṇas) (castes, social classes, colors, letters)

• विश्वासयेत् (viśvāsayet) - should gain the trust of (causative) (should reassure, should trust, should cause to trust)

• कथम् (katham) - how

• कथम् (katham) - how

• भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants (servants, dependents, employees)

• कथम् (katham) - how

• दारान् (dārān) - wives

• कथम् (katham) - how

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (sons, children)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressing Yudhishthira) (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

चारम् (cāram) - spy (spy, secret agent, movement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, movement, wandering

Derived from root √car (to move, wander)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of prayuñjīta.

प्रयुञ्जीत (prayuñjīta) - should employ (should employ, should apply, should use)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-yuj

Derived from prefix pra- + √yuj (to join, apply)

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: prayuñjīta is ātmanepada (middle voice) ending but for some roots it can have active meaning.

वर्णान् (varṇān) - the social classes (varṇas) (castes, social classes, colors, letters)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, caste, social class, letter, sound

Note: Object of viśvāsayet.

विश्वासयेत् (viśvāsayet) - should gain the trust of (causative) (should reassure, should trust, should cause to trust)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vi-śvas

Causative of vi- + √śvas (to breathe, trust)

Prefix: vi

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Causative verb.

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants (servants, dependents, employees)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, employee, to be maintained

Gerundive

Derived from root √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of implied verb 'should deal with'.

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

दारान् (dārān) - wives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (often used in plural as dārāḥ)

Note: Object of implied verb 'should deal with'.

कथम् (katham) - how

(indeclinable)

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of implied verb 'should deal with'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bharata (addressing Yudhishthira) (O Bharata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; an Indian, inhabitant of India

Vocative singular of bhārata, addressing Yudhishthira

Note: Addressing Yudhishthira.