महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
राजवृत्तं महाराज शृणुष्वावहितोऽखिलम् ।
यत्कार्यं पार्थिवेनादौ पार्थिवप्रकृतेन वा ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
rājavṛttaṁ mahārāja śṛṇuṣvāvahito'khilam ,
yatkāryaṁ pārthivenādau pārthivaprakṛtena vā.

3. bhīṣma uvāca rājavṛttaṃ mahārāja śṛṇuṣva avahitaḥ
akhilam yat kāryam pārthivena ādau pārthivaprakṛtena vā

3. mahārāja bhīṣma uvāca yat kāryam pārthivena ādau vā
pārthivaprakṛtena akhilam rājavṛttaṃ avahitaḥ śṛṇuṣva

3. Bhishma said: O great king, listen attentively to the complete code of conduct for a ruler, specifically what should be done first by a king or by one who possesses the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) of a king.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, the speaker of these verses (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• राजवृत्तं (rājavṛttaṁ) - the code of conduct for a ruler (conduct of a king, royal behavior)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to King Yudhishthira (O great king)

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - being attentive while listening (attentive, concentrated)

• अखिलम् (akhilam) - the entire code of conduct (entire, complete, whole)

• यत् (yat) - what [is] to be done (which, what)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - what should be done (to be done, duty, action)

• पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by a king, by an earthly ruler

• आदौ (ādau) - initially, as a priority (at first, in the beginning, primarily)

• पार्थिवप्रकृतेन (pārthivaprakṛtena) - by one who has the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) of a king, regardless of formal title (by one possessing the nature of a king)

• वा (vā) - or

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma, the speaker of these verses (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

राजवृत्तं (rājavṛttaṁ) - the code of conduct for a ruler (conduct of a king, royal behavior)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājavṛtta

rājavṛtta - royal conduct, king's duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+vṛtta)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, occurring, happened (PPP of vṛt)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vṛt' (to be, to exist, to behave)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to King Yudhishthira (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative (Loṭ)

Derived from root 'śru' (to hear), 2nd person singular imperative middle voice

Root: śru (class 5)

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - being attentive while listening (attentive, concentrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, concentrated, placed (PPP of ava-dhā)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from prefix 'ava' and root 'dhā' (to place, to put)

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

अखिलम् (akhilam) - the entire code of conduct (entire, complete, whole)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of akhila

akhila - entire, complete, whole, without a gap

From 'a' (not) + 'khila' (gap, deficiency)

यत् (yat) - what [is] to be done (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

कार्यम् (kāryam) - what should be done (to be done, duty, action)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, work, business

Gerundive

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do), forming a gerundive (future passive participle)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पार्थिवेन (pārthivena) - by a king, by an earthly ruler

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, a king, ruler

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)

आदौ (ādau) - initially, as a priority (at first, in the beginning, primarily)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, 'in the beginning'.

पार्थिवप्रकृतेन (pārthivaprakṛtena) - by one who has the intrinsic nature (prakṛti) of a king, regardless of formal title (by one possessing the nature of a king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārthivaprakṛti

pārthivaprakṛti - the nature of a king, royal disposition

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārthiva+prakṛti)

• pārthiva – earthly, royal, a king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth)
• prakṛti – nature, origin, source, primary substance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)