महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-69, verse-16

गुणवन्तो महोत्साहा धर्मज्ञाः साधवश्च ये ।
संदधीत नृपस्तैश्च राष्ट्रं धर्मेण पालयन् ॥१६॥

16. guṇavanto mahotsāhā dharmajñāḥ sādhavaśca ye ,
saṁdadhīta nṛpastaiśca rāṣṭraṁ dharmeṇa pālayan.

16. guṇavantaḥ mahotsāhāḥ dharmajñāḥ sādhavaḥ ca ye
saṃdadhīta nṛpaḥ taiḥ ca rāṣṭram dharmeṇa pālayan

16. nṛpaḥ rāṣṭram dharmeṇa pālayan ye guṇavantaḥ
mahotsāhāḥ dharmajñāḥ sādhavaḥ ca taiḥ ca saṃdadhīta

16. The king, while protecting his kingdom (rāṣṭraṃ) according to natural law (dharma), should form alliances with those who are virtuous, greatly enthusiastic, aware of the natural law (dharma), and righteous.

Words meanings summery:

• गुणवन्तः (guṇavantaḥ) - virtuous (virtuous, endowed with good qualities, having good attributes)

• महोत्साहाः (mahotsāhāḥ) - greatly enthusiastic (greatly enthusiastic, highly energetic, having great zeal)

• धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - aware of the natural law (dharma) (knowers of `dharma`, righteous, acquainted with law/duty)

• साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - righteous (good, righteous, virtuous, upright)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

• संदधीत (saṁdadhīta) - should form alliances (should make an alliance, should unite, should join)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

• तैः (taiḥ) - with them (the virtuous people) (with them)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - his kingdom (kingdom, realm, country, state)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to natural law (dharma) (by `dharma`, by natural law, by righteousness, by duty)

• पालयन् (pālayan) - while protecting/ruling (protecting, guarding, ruling, governing)

Words meanings and morphology

गुणवन्तः (guṇavantaḥ) - virtuous (virtuous, endowed with good qualities, having good attributes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing good qualities, virtuous, having attributes

From `guṇa` (quality) + `vat` (possessive suffix).

Note: Qualifies `ye`.

महोत्साहाः (mahotsāhāḥ) - greatly enthusiastic (greatly enthusiastic, highly energetic, having great zeal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahotsāha

mahotsāha - great enthusiasm, high energy, great zeal

From `mahā` (great) + `utsāha` (enthusiasm).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+utsāha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, zeal, effort
  noun (masculine)
  From `ud` + `sah`.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ye`.

धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - aware of the natural law (dharma) (knowers of `dharma`, righteous, acquainted with law/duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of dharma, righteous, understanding duty/law/natural law (dharma)

From `dharma` (natural law, duty) + `jña` (knowing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `jñā` (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `ye`.

साधवः (sādhavaḥ) - righteous (good, righteous, virtuous, upright)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, righteous, virtuous, upright, saintly, proper

From root `sādh` (to accomplish).

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Qualifies `ye`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Conjunction.

ये (ye) - those who (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the clause describing the people.

संदधीत (saṁdadhīta) - should form alliances (should make an alliance, should unite, should join)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of saṃdhā

Optative mood, middle voice

From `sam` + `dhā` (class 3), optative third person singular middle.

Prefix: sam

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Main verb.

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

From `nṛ` (man) + `pa` (protector).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pā` (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Subject.

तैः (taiḥ) - with them (the virtuous people) (with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Indicates association ("with").

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Conjunction.

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - his kingdom (kingdom, realm, country, state)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, state, nation

From root `rāj` (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of the participle.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - according to natural law (dharma) (by `dharma`, by natural law, by righteousness, by duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Instrument for protecting.

पालयन् (pālayan) - while protecting/ruling (protecting, guarding, ruling, governing)

(participle (adjective))

Note: Present participle indicating action contemporary with the main verb.