महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-58

गौतमस्तु सुतं दृष्ट्वा शिरसा पतितं भुवि ।
पत्नीं चैव निराकारां परामभ्यगमन्मुदम् ॥५८॥

58. gautamastu sutaṁ dṛṣṭvā śirasā patitaṁ bhuvi ,
patnīṁ caiva nirākārāṁ parāmabhyagamanmudam.

58. gautamaḥ tu sutam dṛṣṭvā śirasā patitam bhuvi
patnīm ca eva nirākārām parām abhyagamat mudam

58. tu gautamaḥ śirasā bhuvi patitam sutam dṛṣṭvā
ca eva nirākārām patnīm parām mudam abhyagamat

58. But Gautama, having seen his son fallen to the ground with his head (bowed), and his wife, who had been formless, attained supreme joy.

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• सुतम् (sutam) - son (accusative)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, prostrate

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on earth

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife (accusative)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

• निराकाराम् (nirākārām) - who had been formless (due to a curse) (formless, incorporeal, without shape)

• पराम् (parām) - supreme, great, highest

• अभ्यगमत् (abhyagamat) - he attained, approached, reached

• मुदम् (mudam) - joy, delight, pleasure

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - name of a famous sage, descendant of Gotama

Derived from 'Gotama' (patronymic).

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

सुतम् (sutam) - son (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sū' (to produce, give birth) with 'ta'. Often used as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

शिरसा (śirasā) - with the head, by the head

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull

S-stem noun (neuter).

Note: Indicates means or manner (e.g., bowing with the head).

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen, prostrate

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended, prostrate

Past Passive Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular masculine, agreeing with 'sutam'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on the ground, on earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, world, place

U-stem noun (feminine).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Denotes location.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - wife (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress

Feminine noun from 'pati' (master).

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

निराकाराम् (nirākārām) - who had been formless (due to a curse) (formless, incorporeal, without shape)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nirākārā

nirākāra - formless, shapeless, incorporeal, invisible

Compound of 'nis' (without) + 'ākāra' (form).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+ākāra)

• nis – without, out, free from
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' with 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjectivally modifying 'patnīm'.

पराम् (parām) - supreme, great, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parā

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, greatest, other, subsequent

Feminine form 'parā'.

Note: Adjectivally modifying 'mudam'.

अभ्यगमत् (abhyagamat) - he attained, approached, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhigam

Imperfect tense

From root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' and 'ā'. The combination abhi+ā becomes abhyā. Imperfect form.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect active.

मुदम् (mudam) - joy, delight, pleasure

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, pleasure, happiness

From root 'mud' (to rejoice).

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abhyagamat'.