महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-10

पितुराज्ञा परो धर्मः स्वधर्मो मातृरक्षणम् ।
अस्वतन्त्रं च पुत्रत्वं किं नु मां नात्र पीडयेत् ॥१०॥

10. piturājñā paro dharmaḥ svadharmo mātṛrakṣaṇam ,
asvatantraṁ ca putratvaṁ kiṁ nu māṁ nātra pīḍayet.

10. pituḥ ājñā paraḥ dharmaḥ svadharmaḥ mātṛrakṣaṇam
asvatantram ca putratvam kim nu mām na atra pīḍayet

10. pituḥ ājñā paraḥ dharmaḥ mātṛrakṣaṇam svadharmaḥ ca
asvatantram putratvam nu kim mām atra na pīḍayet

10. A father's command is the supreme (dharma) duty; protecting one's mother is one's own (dharma) duty. And this state of sonship, being dependent, how can it not torment me in this situation?

Words meanings summery:

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father, from the father

• आज्ञा (ājñā) - command, order

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

• स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - one's own (dharma) duty, one's intrinsic nature

• मातृरक्षणम् (mātṛrakṣaṇam) - protection of the mother

• अस्वतन्त्रम् (asvatantram) - dependent, not independent

• च (ca) - and, also

• पुत्रत्वम् (putratvam) - sonship, the state of being a son

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, but (particle expressing doubt or question)

• माम् (mām) - me

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this situation

• पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - it should torment, it should pain

Words meanings and morphology

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father, from the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

आज्ञा (ājñā) - command, order

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ājñā

ājñā - command, order, permission

Prefix: ā

Root: jñā (class 9)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate, other

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature

Derived from root dhṛ, that which upholds or supports

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - one's own (dharma) duty, one's intrinsic nature

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own duty (dharma), one's own intrinsic nature

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun/adjective
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛ, that which upholds or supports
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

मातृरक्षणम् (mātṛrakṣaṇam) - protection of the mother

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mātṛrakṣaṇa

mātṛrakṣaṇa - protection of the mother

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (mātṛ+rakṣaṇa)

• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding, protection
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun from root rakṣ
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

अस्वतन्त्रम् (asvatantram) - dependent, not independent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asvatantra

asvatantra - not independent, dependent, subordinate

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svatantra)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• svatantra – independent, self-reliant
  adjective

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पुत्रत्वम् (putratvam) - sonship, the state of being a son

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of putratva

putratva - sonship, the state of being a son

Derived from putra with suffix -tva (abstract noun).

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle/adverb.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, but (particle expressing doubt or question)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative/emphatic particle.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, in this situation

(indeclinable)

पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - it should torment, it should pain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (Liṅ) of pīḍ

Root: pīḍ (class 10)