महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-57

चिरकारी तु पितरं दृष्ट्वा परमदुःखितः ।
शस्त्रं त्यक्त्वा ततो मूर्ध्ना प्रसादायोपचक्रमे ॥५७॥

57. cirakārī tu pitaraṁ dṛṣṭvā paramaduḥkhitaḥ ,
śastraṁ tyaktvā tato mūrdhnā prasādāyopacakrame.

57. cirakārī tu pitaram dṛṣṭvā paramaduḥkhitaḥ
śastram tyaktvā tataḥ mūrdhnā prasādāya upacakrame

57. tu cirakārī pitaram dṛṣṭvā paramaduḥkhitaḥ
śastram tyaktvā tataḥ mūrdhnā prasādāya upacakrame

57. But Cirakāri, having seen his father, became extremely distressed. Then, having abandoned his weapon, he bowed his head to seek his favor.

Words meanings summery:

• चिरकारी (cirakārī) - Cirakāri (nominative)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• पितरम् (pitaram) - father (accusative)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• परमदुःखितः (paramaduḥkhitaḥ) - extremely distressed, greatly sorrowful

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, knife

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with the head, by the head (bowing)

• प्रसादाय (prasādāya) - for favor, for grace, for appeasement

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - approached, undertook, began

Words meanings and morphology

चिरकारी (cirakārī) - Cirakāri (nominative)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cirakārin

cirakārin - slow-doer, procrastinator (name of a person)

Compound of 'cira' (long) and 'kārin' (doer).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (cira+kārin)

• cira – long, lasting
  adjective (masculine)
• kārin – doer, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle used for contrast or emphasis.

पितरम् (pitaram) - father (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

R-stem noun.

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

परमदुःखितः (paramaduḥkhitaḥ) - extremely distressed, greatly sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramaduḥkhita

paramaduḥkhita - extremely distressed, greatly sorrowful

Compound of 'parama' (supreme, extreme) and 'duḥkhita' (distressed).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• duḥkhita – distressed, sad, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'duḥkh' or noun 'duḥkha'.
  Root: duḥkh

Note: Agrees with 'cirakārī'.

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon, knife

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, sword, knife, instrument

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise) or 'śas' (to cut).

Root: śas (class 1)

Note: Object of 'tyaktvā'.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivation from 'tad'.

मूर्ध्ना (mūrdhnā) - with the head, by the head (bowing)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, skull, top

N-stem noun.

Note: Indicates means or manner.

प्रसादाय (prasādāya) - for favor, for grace, for appeasement

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of prasāda

prasāda - favor, grace, clemency, appeasement, serenity

From root 'sad' (to sit) with 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - approached, undertook, began

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of upakram

Perfect tense

Perfect tense (ātmanepada) of root 'kram' with 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect ātmanepada.