महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-16

गुरुरग्र्यः परो धर्मः पोषणाध्ययनाद्धितः ।
पिता यदाह धर्मः स वेदेष्वपि सुनिश्चितः ॥१६॥

16. gururagryaḥ paro dharmaḥ poṣaṇādhyayanāddhitaḥ ,
pitā yadāha dharmaḥ sa vedeṣvapi suniścitaḥ.

16. guruḥ agryaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ poṣaṇādhyayanāt hitaḥ
pitā yat āha dharmaḥ saḥ vedeṣu api suniścitaḥ

16. guruḥ agryaḥ paraḥ dharmaḥ poṣaṇādhyayanāt hitaḥ
yat pitā āha saḥ dharmaḥ vedeṣu api suniścitaḥ

16. The teacher (guru) is paramount, the supreme natural law (dharma), beneficial through nurturing and education. What the father declares, that very natural law (dharma) is firmly established even in the Vedas.

Words meanings summery:

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

• अग्र्यः (agryaḥ) - foremost, principal, chief

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate; other, distant

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

• पोषणाध्ययनात् (poṣaṇādhyayanāt) - from nourishment and study/education

• हितः (hitaḥ) - beneficial, good, advantageous; placed, fixed

• पिता (pitā) - father

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that

• आह (āha) - says, spoke, declared

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• सुनिश्चितः (suniścitaḥ) - well-established, firmly determined, certain

Words meanings and morphology

गुरुः (guruḥ) - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide, preceptor; heavy, important

अग्र्यः (agryaḥ) - foremost, principal, chief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agrya

agrya - foremost, principal, chief, best

Derived from `agra` (tip, front) + `ya` (suffix forming adjective)

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate; other, distant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate; other, distant

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue, inherent quality

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

पोषणाध्ययनात् (poṣaṇādhyayanāt) - from nourishment and study/education

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of poṣaṇādhyayana

poṣaṇādhyayana - nourishment and study/education

Compound type : dvandva (poṣaṇa+adhyayana)

• poṣaṇa – nourishment, fostering, nurturing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `puṣ` (to nourish)
  Root: puṣ (class 4)
• adhyayana – study, education, learning
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `i` (to go) with prefix `adhi`
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

हितः (hitaḥ) - beneficial, good, advantageous; placed, fixed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, advantageous; placed, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Root `dhā` (to place, hold)

Root: dhā (class 3)

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

यत् (yat) - what, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter.

आह (āha) - says, spoke, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution, virtue, inherent quality

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda (scripture)

Root: vid (class 2)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

सुनिश्चितः (suniścitaḥ) - well-established, firmly determined, certain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suniścita

suniścita - well-established, firmly determined, certain

Past Passive Participle

Derived from `niścita` (determined) with prefix `su` (good, well)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+niścita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• niścita – determined, certain, resolved
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ci` (to gather) with prefix `niḥ`
  Prefix: niḥ
  Root: ci (class 5)