महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-48

ईर्ष्याजं व्यसनं प्राहुस्तेन चैवोर्ध्वरेतसः ।
ईर्ष्यया त्वहमाक्षिप्तो मग्नो दुष्कृतसागरे ॥४८॥

48. īrṣyājaṁ vyasanaṁ prāhustena caivordhvaretasaḥ ,
īrṣyayā tvahamākṣipto magno duṣkṛtasāgare.

48. īrṣyājam vyasanam prāhuḥ tena ca eva ūrdhvaretasaḥ
īrṣyayā tu aham ākṣiptaḥ magnaḥ duṣkṛtasāgare

48. prāhuḥ īrṣyājam vyasanam tena ca eva ūrdhvaretasaḥ
tu aham īrṣyayā ākṣiptaḥ duṣkṛtasāgare magnaḥ

48. They say that a calamity born of envy is a great vice (vyasana), and by it even those who have controlled their vital energy (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) are affected. But I, agitated by envy, am submerged in an ocean of misdeeds.

Words meanings summery:

• ईर्ष्याजम् (īrṣyājam) - (a calamity) born of envy (born of envy, caused by jealousy)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - a great vice (vyasana) (calamity, misfortune, vice, addiction, distress)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say (they say, they declare, they call)

• तेन (tena) - by it (the vice) (by that, by him, by it)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just, even)

• ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - of those who have controlled their vital energy (celibates, ascetics) (of those whose semen flows upwards, of ascetics, of celibates)

• ईर्ष्यया (īrṣyayā) - by envy (by envy, through jealousy)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, yet)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

• आक्षिप्तः (ākṣiptaḥ) - agitated (agitated, disturbed, distracted, thrown into, overcome)

• मग्नः (magnaḥ) - submerged (submerged, immersed, drowned, sunk)

• दुष्कृतसागरे (duṣkṛtasāgare) - in an ocean of misdeeds (in the ocean of misdeeds/evil acts)

Words meanings and morphology

ईर्ष्याजम् (īrṣyājam) - (a calamity) born of envy (born of envy, caused by jealousy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of īrṣyāja

īrṣyāja - born of envy, caused by jealousy

Compound īrṣyā + ja (from root jan to be born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (īrṣyā+ja)

• īrṣyā – envy, jealousy, malignity
  noun (feminine)
• ja – born, produced, arising from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'vyasanam'.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - a great vice (vyasana) (calamity, misfortune, vice, addiction, distress)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - misfortune, calamity, vice, addiction, distress, evil habit

From vi-as (to throw, shoot).

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prāhuḥ'.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bru

Present Active Indicative

Conjugated form of root bru (to speak) in 3rd person plural.

Root: bru (class 2)

तेन (tena) - by it (the vice) (by that, by him, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - even (only, indeed, just, even)

(indeclinable)

ऊर्ध्वरेतसः (ūrdhvaretasaḥ) - of those who have controlled their vital energy (celibates, ascetics) (of those whose semen flows upwards, of ascetics, of celibates)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ūrdhvaretas

ūrdhvaretas - whose vital energy flows upwards, celibate, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+retas)

• ūrdhva – upwards, high, elevated
  adjective
• retas – semen, vital energy, fluid
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Genitive case here indicates 'of' or 'belonging to', implying that the vice affects or is associated with such individuals.

ईर्ष्यया (īrṣyayā) - by envy (by envy, through jealousy)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of īrṣyā

īrṣyā - envy, jealousy, malignity

Note: Instrumental case denotes the agent or cause.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, yet)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I (first person pronoun)

आक्षिप्तः (ākṣiptaḥ) - agitated (agitated, disturbed, distracted, thrown into, overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākṣipta

ākṣipta - thrown, cast, agitated, disturbed, distracted, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root kṣip (to throw) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

मग्नः (magnaḥ) - submerged (submerged, immersed, drowned, sunk)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of magna

magna - immersed, submerged, sunk, drowned

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root majj (to sink, dive).

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

दुष्कृतसागरे (duṣkṛtasāgare) - in an ocean of misdeeds (in the ocean of misdeeds/evil acts)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of duṣkṛtasāgara

duṣkṛtasāgara - ocean of evil deeds, sea of sin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duṣkṛta+sāgara)

• duṣkṛta – misdeed, evil act, sin, ill-done
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of kṛ (to do) with prefix dus- (bad).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative case indicates 'in' or 'within'.