महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-258, verse-43

सोऽब्रवीद्दुःखसंतप्तो भृशमश्रूणि वर्तयन् ।
श्रुतधैर्यप्रसादेन पश्चात्तापमुपागतः ॥४३॥

43. so'bravīdduḥkhasaṁtapto bhṛśamaśrūṇi vartayan ,
śrutadhairyaprasādena paścāttāpamupāgataḥ.

43. saḥ abravīt duḥkhasaṃtaptaḥ bhṛśam aśrūṇi vartayan
śrutadhairyaprasādena paścāttāpam upāgataḥ

43. duḥkhasaṃtaptaḥ bhṛśam aśrūṇi vartayan saḥ
abravīt śrutadhairyaprasādena paścāttāpam upāgataḥ

43. Tormented by deep sorrow, he spoke, shedding copious tears. He then came to experience remorse through the serenity that came from his understanding and fortitude.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• दुःखसंतप्तः (duḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ) - tormented by sorrow, distressed by suffering

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, exceedingly

• अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - causing to flow, shedding

• श्रुतधैर्यप्रसादेन (śrutadhairyaprasādena) - by the serenity of understood fortitude, by the grace of known patience

• पश्चात्तापम् (paścāttāpam) - remorse, regret

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - attained, approached, experienced, reached

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, aorist root vac, often used as imperfect

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Aorist form used with imperfect sense.

दुःखसंतप्तः (duḥkhasaṁtaptaḥ) - tormented by sorrow, distressed by suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhasaṃtapta

duḥkhasaṁtapta - tormented by sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+saṃtapta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtapta – tormented, afflicted, heated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root tap (to heat, to torment) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Describes 'he'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vartayan'.

अश्रूणि (aśrūṇi) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of aśru

aśru - tear

Note: Object of 'vartayan'.

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - causing to flow, shedding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartayat

vartayat - causing to flow, causing to turn

Present Active Participle (causative)

from root vṛt (to turn, to exist) in causative form varti, present active participle

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes 'he'.

श्रुतधैर्यप्रसादेन (śrutadhairyaprasādena) - by the serenity of understood fortitude, by the grace of known patience

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śrutadhairyaprasāda

śrutadhairyaprasāda - serenity of understood fortitude

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śruta+dhairya+prasāda)

• śruta – heard, learned, understood
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)
• dhairya – patience, steadfastness, fortitude
  noun (neuter)
  from dhīra (firm, resolute)
• prasāda – serenity, grace, favor, clearness
  noun (masculine)
  from root sad (to sit) with prefix pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The instrumental case indicates the means by which remorse was reached.

पश्चात्तापम् (paścāttāpam) - remorse, regret

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paścāttāpa

paścāttāpa - remorse, regret

Note: Object of 'upāgataḥ'.

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - attained, approached, experienced, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

from root gam (to go) with prefixes upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes 'he'. Though formally P.P.P., it functions here actively, 'having reached'.